Guanajuato is a state in central Mexico that is divided into 46 municipalities. According to the 2020 INEGI census, Guanajuato is the sixth most populous state with inhabitants and the 22nd largest by land area spanning .
Municipalities in Guanajuato are administratively autonomous of the state according to the 115th article of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico. Every three years, citizens elect a municipal president (Spanish: presidente municipal) by a plurality voting system who heads a concurrently elected municipal council (ayuntamiento) responsible for providing all the public services for their constituents. The municipal council consists of a variable number of trustees and councillors (regidores y síndicos). Municipalities are responsible for public services (such as water and sewerage), street lighting, public safety, traffic, and the maintenance of public parks, gardens and cemeteries. They may also assist the state and federal governments in education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection and maintenance of monuments and historical landmarks. Since 1984, they have had the power to collect property taxes and user fees, although more funds are obtained from the state and federal governments than from their own income.
The largest municipality by population in Guanajuato and third largest in Mexico is León, with 1,721,215 residents or approximately of the state population. The smallest municipality by population is Atarjea with 5,296 residents. The largest municipality by land area is San Felipe which spans , and the smallest is Pueblo Nuevo which spans . The first state constitution, Constitución Política del Estado Libre de Guanajuato, resulted in the formation of the first 17 municipalities in Guanajuato on . The newest municipality is Doctor Mora, incorporated on .
Municipalities
+ Name Municipal seat Population(2020) Population(2010) Change Land area Population density(2020) Incorporation date km2 sq miAbasolo Abasolo AcámbaroAcámbaro Apaseo el AltoApaseo el Alto Apaseo el GrandeApaseo el Grande AtarjeaAtarjea CelayaCelaya ComonfortComonfort CoroneoCoroneo CortazarCortazar CuerámaroCuerámaro Doctor MoraDoctor Mora Dolores HidalgoDolores Hidalgo GuanajuatoGuanajuato Huanímaro Huanímaro IrapuatoIrapuato Jaral del ProgresoJaral del Progreso Jerécuaro Jerécuaro León León Manuel Doblado Ciudad Manuel Doblado MoroleónMoroleón Ocampo Ocampo Pénjamo Pénjamo Pueblo Nuevo Pueblo Nuevo Purísima del RincónPurísima de Bustos RomitaRomita SalamancaSalamanca SalvatierraSalvatierraSan Diego de la UniónSan Diego de la Unión San FelipeSan Felipe San Francisco del RincónSan Francisco del Rincón San José Iturbide San José Iturbide San Luis de la Paz San Luis de la Paz San Miguel de Allende San Miguel de Allende Santa Catarina Santa Catarina Santa Cruz de Juventino RosasSanta Cruz de Juventino Rosas Santiago MaravatíoSantiago Maravatío Silao de la VictoriaSilao de la Victoria Tarandacuao Tarandacuao TarimoroTarimoroTierra Blanca Tierra Blanca UriangatoUriangato Valle de Santiago Valle de Santiago VictoriaVictoria VillagránVillagrán XichúXichú Yuriria (Yuririapúndaro) Yuriria Guanajuato — — Mexico — —
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