See Tira for other sites with similar names.

Al-Tira was a Palestinian village in the Ramle Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on July 10, 1948, by the Alexandroni and Armored (Eighth) brigades under Operation Dani. It was located 12 km northeast of Ramla. Al-Tira was mostly destroyed with the exception of a few houses survived destruction.

History Archeological remains from Early Bronze Age,Masarwa, 2012, Khirbat et-Tira Iron Age II, HellenisticZelinger, 2005, Khirbet et-Tira (Bareket) and Roman era have been found.

A wine-press, dating to late Roman or early Byzantine era have been excavated,Hillel, 2009, Khirbat et-Tira together with a cistern, dating from the pre-Byzantine era.Romano, 2004, Khirbat et-Tira

Crusader era remains have been found,Itach and Zuckerman-Cooper, 2016, Khirbat et-Tira (Bareket) together with remains from the Mamluk era.

Ottoman era In 1517, Tira was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire along with the rest of Palestine, and by 1596 it was a part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Ramla, which was under the administration of the liwa ("district") of Gaza. A village of 26 households and 3 bachelors, an estimated 160 persons, Muslims. They paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, vineyards, fruit trees, beehives, and goats, a total of 6,800 akçe.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 153Khalidi, 1992, p. 417

In 1863, Victor Guérin noted Al-Tira situated about 2 kilometres south of Qula, and containing five hundred inhabitants.Guérin, 1875, p. 391 Guérin also found here "caves and a tomb cut in the rock; also, still standing, the door of an ancient house, its two jambs formed of great cut stones covered by a splendid block forming the lintel, and formerly decorated by mouldings, now effaced".Guérin, 1875, p. 391; as given by Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 378 An Ottoman village list from about the same year (1870) indicated 54 houses and a population of 385, though the population count included men, only.Socin, 1879, p. 162Hartmann, 1883, p. 138, also noted 54 houses

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described it as: "A mud village of moderate size, with cactus hedges, situated at the edge of the plain, the hills rising behind; on the west, by the high road, is a good well, with remains of masonry".Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 298

In 1896, the population of Et-tire was estimated to be about 210 persons.Schick, 1896, p. 126 Schick also notes he thinks the Socin-number too high

British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Tireh had a population of 705, all Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p. 22 increasing in the 1931 census to 892, still all Muslims, in a total of 225 houses.Mills, 1932, p. 23.

An elementary school was founded in 1922, and by 1947–48, it had an enrollment of 110 boys and 22 girls.

In the 1945 statistics the population was 1,290, all Muslims, while the total land area was 6,956 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 78 were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, 5,551 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 117 while 45 dunams were classified as built-up areas.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 167

Al-'Umari Mosque was one of the notable landmarks.

1948, and aftermath The village became depopulated on July 10, 1948, after a military assault by the Israeli army. On the same day, Operation Danny headquarter ordered the Yiftach Brigade to blow up most of Innaba and Al-Tira, leaving only houses enough for a small garrison.Morris, 2004, p. 355, note #86Morris, 2004, p. 400, note #86

The Israeli settlements of Tirat Yehuda, Giv'at Ko'ah and Bareket are all on the land of Al-Tira.

In 1992 the village site was described: "The site, situated next to paved road, is partly deserted and overgrown with a variety of trees, such as olive, date palm, fig and gum trees. The rubble of some of the destroyed houses is visible. A number of stone houses survive, however; some are deserted, others are occupied by Israelis, and still others are used as stables for livestock. A deserted house, fenced in with barbed wire, has high, round-arched windows and a flat roof; the yard is overgrown with untended grass. One of the occupied houses is quite modest. It has a rectangular door and window and a flat roof; date-palm and other trees grow on two sides. A second, larger, occupied house has two stories and a wide porch, and is also surrounded by trees. A third is also quite large and has two stories; a side stairway leads to a second-floor porch and there is a large, round arched entrance on the first floor. There are some destroyed houses inside the settlement of Bareqet. Some of the surrounding land is planted in grapes and kiwi fruit."

References

Bibliography

(p.378)

al-Qawuqji, F. (1972): Memoirs of al-Qawuqji, Fauzi in Journal of Palestine Studies "Memoirs, 1948, Part I" in 1, no. 4 (Sum. 1972): 27-58., dpf-file, downloadable "Memoirs, 1948, Part II" in 2, no. 1 (Aut. 1972): 3-33., dpf-file, downloadable

External links Welcome To al-Tira al-Tira (Ramla), Zochrot Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14: IAA, Wikimedia commons Israeli map of al-Tira in 1948: NLI