Euxoa is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by the German entomologist, Jacob Hübner. The genus is mostly confined to dry and semi dry areas in the northern hemisphere. There 130 species in Eurasia, a few in Africa, and 175 in North America. There are no species in the genus in South-East Asia or in Australia.Lafontaine, J. D., 1987. Noctuoidea: Noctuidae (part) in Dominick, R. B., et al., The Moths of America North of Mexico, fasc. 27.2 p.16 In North America, most species are found in western regions. Of the North American species, four are endemic to Mexico. There is one species recorded from Chile, but this may be a mislabeled specimen.Lafontaine, J. D., 1987. Noctuoidea: Noctuidae (part) in Dominick, R. B., et al., The Moths of America North of Mexico, fasc. 27.2 p.16 In real terms, species numbers do not equal species abundance. Some areas with few species have large numbers of the ones that do live there.
In North America there are seven subgenera; Chorizagrotis, Palaeoeuxoa, Heteroeuxoa, Longivesica, Pleuonectopoda, Orstagrotis, and Euxoa.
The larvae of this genus are cutworms, living in the soil but feeding on the surface. A few species also climb. Most larval Euxoa hatch from eggs laid in autumn, and most go through a summer diapause, before pupating when the temperature drops later in the summer.Lafontaine, J. D., 1987. Noctuoidea: Noctuidae (part) in Dominick, R. B., et al., The Moths of America North of Mexico, fasc. 27.2 p.16 The genus includes the prolific miller moths, which are full adult army cutworms labeled as the species Euxoa auxiliaris and common in North America. This species is also a crucial late summer food source for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
Species
Euxoa aberrans McDunnough, 1932 Euxoa absona Lafontaine, 1987 Euxoa acuminifera (Eversmann, 1854) Euxoa adumbrata (Eversmann, 1842) Euxoa aequalis (Harvey, 1876) Euxoa agema (Strecker, 1899) Euxoa albipennis (Grote, 1876) Euxoa altens McDunnough, 1946 Euxoa anarmodia (Staudinger, 1897) Euxoa annulipes (Smith, 1890) Euxoa antica Lafontaine, 1974 Euxoa apopsis Troubridge & Lafontaine, 2010 Euxoa aquilina (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Euxoa atomaris (Smith, 1890) Euxoa atristrigata (Smith, 1890) Euxoa aurantiaca Lafontaine, 1974 Euxoa auripennis Lafontaine, 1974 Euxoa aurulenta (Smith, 1890) Euxoa austrina Hardwick, 1968 Euxoa auxiliaris (Grote, 1873) – army cutworm Euxoa baja Lafontaine, 1987 Euxoa basalis (Grote, 1879) Euxoa basigramma (Staudinger, 1870) Euxoa beatissima (Rebel, 1917) Euxoa bicollaris (Grote, 1878) Euxoa bifasciata (Smith, 1888) Euxoa biformata Smith, 1910 Euxoa birivia (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Euxoa bochus (Morrison, 1874) Euxoa bogdanovi (Erschoff, 1873) Euxoa bostoniensis (Grote, 1874) Euxoa brevipennis (Smith, 1888) Euxoa brunneigera (Grote, 1876) Euxoa camalpa (Dyar, 1912) Euxoa campestris (Grote, 1875) Euxoa cana Lafontaine, 1974 Euxoa canariensis Rebel, 1902 Euxoa cashmirensis Hampson 1903 Euxoa castanea Lafontaine, 1981 Euxoa catenula (Grote, 1879) Euxoa centralis (Staudinger, 1899) Euxoa chimoensis Hardwick, 1966 Euxoa choris (Harvey, 1876) Euxoa christophi (Staudinger, 1870) Euxoa churchillensis (McDunnough, 1932) Euxoa cicatricosa (Grote & Robinson, 1865) Euxoa cinchonina (Guenée, 1852) Euxoa cincta Barnes & Benjamin, 1924 Euxoa cinereopallida (Smith, 1903) Euxoa cinnabarina Barnes & McDunnough, 1918 Euxoa citricolor (Grote, 1880) Euxoa clauda Püngeler, 1906 Euxoa clausa McDunnough, 1923 Euxoa coconino Lafontaine, 1987 Euxoa cognita (Staudinger, 1881) Euxoa comosa (Morrison, 1876) Euxoa cona (Strecker, 1898) Euxoa conjuncta (Smith, 1890) Euxoa conspicua (Hübner, ) Euxoa continentalis Reisser, 1935 Euxoa cos (Hübner, ) Euxoa costata (Grote, 1876) Euxoa crassilinea (Wallengren, 1860) Euxoa crypta (Dadd, 1927) Euxoa cryptica Hardwick, 1968 Euxoa culminicola (Staudinger, 1870) Euxoa cursoria (Hufnagel, 1766) – coast dart Euxoa dargo (Strecker, 1898) Euxoa declarata (Walker, 1865) Euxoa decora (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) Euxoa deficiens (Wagner, 1913) Euxoa derrae Hacker, 1985 Euxoa deserta (Staudinger, 1870) Euxoa deserticola I.Kozhantshikov, 1937 Euxoa detersa (Walker, 1856) Euxoa diaphora Boursin, 1928 Euxoa difformis (Smith, 1900) (syn: Euxoa mercedes Barnes & McDunnough, 1912) Euxoa dissona (Möschler, 1860) Euxoa distinguenda (Lederer, 1857) Euxoa divergens (Walker, ) Euxoa dodi McDunnough, 1923 Euxoa edictalis (Smith, 1893) Euxoa emma L. G. Crabo & A. Crabo, 2007 Euxoa emolliensis (Hampson, 1905) Euxoa enixa (Püngeler, 1906) Euxoa eruta (Hübner, ) Euxoa excogita (Smith, 1900) Euxoa extranea (Smith, 1888) Euxoa fallax (Eversmann, 1854) Euxoa faulkneri Mustelin, 2000 Euxoa fissa Staudinger, 1895 Euxoa flavicollis (Smith, 1888) Euxoa flavidens (Smith, 1888) Euxoa flavogrisea Corti, 1932 Euxoa foeda (Lederer, 1855) Euxoa foeminalis (Smith, 1900) Euxoa franclemonti Lafontaine, 1987 Euxoa fumalis (Grote, 1873) Euxoa furtivus (Smith, 1890) Euxoa fuscigera (Grote, 1874) (sometimes misspelled as fuscigerus) Euxoa glabella Wagner, 1930 Euxoa goetria I.Kozhantshikov, 1929 Euxoa guadalupensis Lafontaine & Byers, 1982 Euxoa hardwicki Lafontaine, 1987 Euxoa hastifera (Donzel, 1848) Euxoa haverkampfi (Standfuss, 1893) Euxoa henrietta (Smith, 1900) Euxoa heringi (Staudinger, 1877) Euxoa hilaris (Freyer, 1838) Euxoa hollemani (Grote, 1874) (syn: Euxoa andera Smith, 1910) Euxoa homicida (Staudinger, 1900) Euxoa hyperborea Lafontaine, 1987 Euxoa idahoensis (Grote, 1878) Euxoa immixta (Grote, 1881) Euxoa inconcinna (Harvey, 1875) Euxoa infausta (Walker, 1865) Euxoa infracta (Morrison, 1875) Euxoa inscripta Lafontaine, 1981 Euxoa intermontana Lafontaine, 1975 Euxoa intolerabilis (Püngeler, 1902) Euxoa intrita (Morrison, 1875) Euxoa inyoca Benjamin, 1936 Euxoa juliae Hardwick, 1968 Euxoa karschi (Graeser, 1889) Euxoa laetificans Smith, 1894 Euxoa lafontainei Metzler & Forbes, 2009 Euxoa latro (Barnes & Benjamin, 1926) Euxoa lecerfi Zerny, 1934 Euxoa leuschneri Lafontaine, 1987 Euxoa lewisi (Grote, 1873) Euxoa lewisi lewisi (Grote, 1873) Euxoa lewisi julia Hardwick, 1968 Euxoa lilloeet McDunnough, 1927 Euxoa lineifrons (Smith, 1890) Euxoa lucida Barnes & McDunnough, 1912 Euxoa luctuosa Lafontaine, 1976 Euxoa macleani McDunnough, 1927 Euxoa macrodentata Hardwick, 1965 Euxoa maderensis Lafontaine, 1976 Euxoa maimes (Smith, 1903) Euxoa malickyi Varga, 1990 Euxoa manitobana McDunnough, 1925 Euxoa mansour (Le Cerf, 1933) Euxoa medialis (Smith, 1888) Euxoa melana Lafontaine, 1975 Euxoa melura McDunnough, 1932 Euxoa mendelis Fernández, 1915 Euxoa messoria (Harris, 1841) – reaper dart Euxoa mimallonis (Grote, 1873) Euxoa misturata (Smith, 1890) Euxoa mitis (Smith, 1894) Euxoa mobergi Fibiger, 1990 Euxoa moerens (Grote, 1883) Euxoa mojave Lafontaine, 1987 Euxoa montana (Morrison, 1875) Euxoa montivaga Fibiger, 1997 Euxoa muldersi Lafontaine & Hensel, 2010 Euxoa munis (Grote, 1879) Euxoa murdocki (Smith, 1890) Euxoa mustelina (Christoph, 1876) Euxoa nevada (Smith, 1900) Euxoa nevadensis Corti, 1928 Euxoa nigricans (Linnaeus, 1761) – garden dart Euxoa nigrofusca (Esper, 1788) – White-line Dart Euxoa niveilinea (Grote, ) Euxoa nomas Erschoff, 1874 (syn: Euxoa incognita (Smith, 1894)) Euxoa nostra (Smith, 1890) Euxoa nyctopis Hampson, 1903 Euxoa obelisca (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) – square-spot dart Euxoa obeliscoides (Guenée, 1852) Euxoa oberfoelli Hardwick, 1973 Euxoa oblongistigma (Smith, 1888) Euxoa occidentalis Lafontaine & Byers, 1982 Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée, 1852) – redbacked cutworm Euxoa olivalis (Grote, 1879) Euxoa olivia (Morrison, 1876) Euxoa oncocnemoides (Barnes & Benjamin, 1926) Euxoa oranaria (Bang-Haas, 1906) Euxoa pallidimacula Lafontaine, 1987 Euxoa pallipennis (Smith, 1888) Euxoa penelope Fibiger, 1997 Euxoa perexcellens (Grote, 1875) Euxoa permixta McDunnough, 1940 Euxoa perolivalis (Smith, 1905) Euxoa perpolita (Morrison, 1876) Euxoa pestula Smith, 1904 Euxoa phantoma (Kozhanchikov, 1928) Euxoa pimensis Barnes & McDunnough, 1910 Euxoa piniae Buckett & Bauer, 1964 Euxoa plagigera (Morrison, 1875) Euxoa pleuritica (Grote, 1876) Euxoa pluralis (Grote, 1878) Euxoa powelli (Oberthür, 1912) Euxoa punctigera (Walker, 1865) Euxoa quadridentata (Grote & Robinson, 1865) Euxoa quebecensis (Smith, 1900) Euxoa recula (Harvey, 1876) Euxoa recussa (Hübner, ) Euxoa redimicula (Morrison, 1875) Euxoa ridingsiana (Grote, 1875) Euxoa riversii (Dyar, 1903) Euxoa robiginosa (Staudinger, 1895) Euxoa rockburnei Hardwick, 1973 Euxoa rufula (Smith, 1888) Euxoa rugifrons (Mabille, 1888) Euxoa sabuletorum (Boisduval, 1840) Euxoa satiens (Smith, 1890) Euxoa satis (Harvey, 1876) Euxoa sayvana Ronkay, Varga & Hreblay, 1998 Euxoa scandens (Riley, 1869) Euxoa scholastica McDunnough, 1920 Euxoa scotogrammoides McDunnough, 1932 Euxoa sculptilis (Harvey, 1875) Euxoa segnilis (Duponchel, 1837) Euxoa selenis (Smith, 1900) Euxoa septentrionalis (Walker, 1865) Euxoa serotina Lafontaine, 1975 Euxoa serricornis (Smith, 1888) Euxoa servita (Smith, 1895) (sometimes misspelled as servitus) Euxoa setonia McDunnough, 1927 Euxoa shasta Lafontaine, 1975 Euxoa shasta shasta Lafontaine, 1975 Euxoa shasta condita Lafontaine, 1975 Euxoa sibirica (Boisduval, ) Euxoa siccata (Smith, 1893) Euxoa silens (Grote, 1875) Euxoa simona McDunnough, 1932 Euxoa simulata McDunnough, 1946 Euxoa sinelinea Hardwick, 1965 Euxoa spumata McDunnough, 1940 Euxoa stigmatalis (Smith, 1900) Euxoa stygialis (Barnes & McDunnough, 1912) Euxoa subandera Lafontaine, 1987 Euxoa taura Smith, 1905 (syn: Euxoa cooki McDunnough, 1925) Euxoa teleboa (Smith, 1890) Euxoa temera (Hübner, ) Euxoa terrealis (Grote, 1883) Euxoa terrena (Smith, 1900) (sometimes misspelled as terrenus) Euxoa tessellata (Harris, 1841) Euxoa tibetana (Moore 1878) Euxoa tocoyae (Smith, 1900) Euxoa triaena Kozhanchikov, 1929 Euxoa trifasciata (Smith, 1888) Euxoa tristicula (Morrison, 1875) Euxoa tristis (Staudinger, 1898) Euxoa tritici (Linnaeus, 1761) – whiteline dart Euxoa tronellus (Smith, 1903) Euxoa unica McDunnough, 1940 Euxoa ustulata Lafontaine, 1976 Euxoa vallus (Smith, 1900) Euxoa vallus vallus (Smith, 1900) Euxoa vallus luteosita (Smith, 1900) Euxoa vallus bivittata (Smith, 1900) Euxoa velleripennis Lafontaine, 1987 Euxoa vernalis Lafontaine, 1976 Euxoa vetusta (Walker, 1865) Euxoa violaris (Grote & Robinson, 1868) Euxoa vitta (Esper, 1789) Euxoa wagneri Corti, 1926 Euxoa westermanni (Staudinger, 1857) Euxoa wilsoni (Grote, 1873) Euxoa xasta Barnes & McDunnough, 1910 Euxoa zernyi Boursin, 1944
References