52 Europa is the sixth-largest asteroid in the asteroid belt, having a diameter of over 300 km, though it is not correspondingly massive. It is shaped like an ellipsoid with approximate dimensions of 380×330×250 km. It was discovered on 4 February 1858, by Hermann Goldschmidt from his balcony in Paris. It is named after Europa, one of Zeus's conquests in Greek mythology, a name it shares with Jupiter's moon Europa.
Orbit
Europa is a main belt asteroid that orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.746–3.442 astronomical units (AU) with a semi-major axis or average orbital distance of 3.094 AU once every 5.44 years (for reference, Ceres's orbit is at 2.77 AU).
Europa's orbit has an eccentricity of 0.1125 and an inclination of 7.482° with respect to the ecliptic.
Physical characteristics
Europa is approximately the sixth largest asteroid by volume. Most likely it has a density of around 1.5 g/cm3, typical of C-type asteroids. In 2007, James Baer and Steven R. Chesley estimated Europa to have a mass of kg. A more recent estimate by Baer suggests it has a mass of 3.27 kg.
Europa is a very dark carbonaceous C-type, and is the second largest of this group. Spectroscopic studies have found evidence of olivines and pyroxenes on the surface, and there is some indication that there may be compositional differences between different regions. It orbits close to the Hygiea asteroid family, but is not a member.
Lightcurve data for Europa have been particularly tricky to interpret, so much so that for a long time its period of rotation was in dispute (ranging from hours to 11 hours), despite numerous observations. It has now been determined that Europa is a prograde rotator, but the exact direction in which its pole points remains ambiguous. The most detailed analysis indicates that it points either towards about ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (70°, 55°) or (40°, 255°) with a 10° uncertainty. This gives an axial tilt of about 14° or 54°, respectively.
In 1988 a search for satellites or dust orbiting this asteroid was performed using the UH88 telescope at the Maunakea Observatories, but the effort came up empty.
Observations The reputed cataclysmic variable star CV Aquarii, discovered in 1934 by Emily Hughes at Harvard College Observatory, was actually a misidentification of 52 Europa.
Notes
References
Bibliography
Schmeer, P., and M. L. Hazen, CV Aquarii identified with (52) Europa, Journal of the American Association of Variable Star Observers, Vol. 28, p. 103 (2000).
External links
shape model deduced from lightcurve