Cully () is a former municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It was the capital of the district of Lavaux until 2006 when it became part of the district of Lavaux-Oron. It lies on Lake Geneva.
The municipalities of Cully, Epesses, Grandvaux, Riex and Villette (Lavaux) merged on 1 July 2011 into the new municipality of Bourg-en-Lavaux.Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 17 February 2011
History
The earliest traces of human activity in Cully come from the Neolithic, when Lake Geneva was near the modern port of Moratel. During the Roman Empire, the route from Lausanne to Great Saint Bernard ran through the area. From this time, some walls and coins have been found preserved.
The first written mention of the place took place in 967 under the name Cusliacum. Later appeared the names Cusliaco (12th century), Custiacum (1154), Cullie (1226), Cully (1275) and Culyer (1383). The origin of the name is not clearly understood. It is possibly derived from the Roman family name Coclius.
The first document involving Cully, saw it given to the King of Besançon. However, because Cully at the same time was under Villett parishe, which belonged to the bishop of Lausanne, there were constant disputes which led in 1246 to it being given back to the bishop of Lausanne. In the 14th century the inhabitants the acquired the right to hold a weekly market and fortify the village.
With the conquest of Vaud by Bern in 1536, Cully came under the administration of the Bailiwick of Lausanne. After the collapse of the Ancien régime, the village belonged from 1798 to 1803 during the Helvetic Republic to the Canton of Léman. In 1798 Cully Lavaux became the capital of the district, as it was in the central part of the district. It was not until 1824, that Cully attained the status of an independent political community. A project to merge the independent municipalities Cully, Epesses, Riex, Grandvaux, and Villette (Lavaux) failed in a vote on 27 February 2005 due to the resistance of the population of Grandvaux. The project is therefore not being pursued.
Geography Cully lies at an average altitude of , east-southeast of the canton capital Lausanne as the crow flies. The village is located in the Lavaux, on a slightly projecting outcrop into the Lake Geneva headland, at the foot of the vineyards of Mont de Gourze.
Cully has an area, , of . Of this area, or 63.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 9.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 26.9% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes.Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2009 data accessed 25 March 2010
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 13.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 10.5%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 2.1%. Out of the forested land, 7.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 11.8% is used for growing crops and 16.4% is pastures, while 35.7% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality was part of the Lavaux District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Cully became part of the new district of Lavaux-Oron.Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz accessed 4 April 2011
The municipal area covers a section of the Lavaux at the northeastern shore of Lake Geneva. The land extends northward from the shore across the narrow riparian buffer strips and the slopes of the Lavaux, with the eastern boundary runs along the creek "Champaflon" then to the southeast to the Jorat plateau. In the northeast, the area extends to theMont de Gourze, which at is the highest point of Cully. In the area of Cully is the watershed between the catchments of the Rhine and Rhône, north of Lake Geneva. The extreme north of the municipality is the Broye River leading to the Rhine.
Cully includes the hamlet Chenaux at an altitude of on a ridge in the vineyards above the village and a number of individual farms on the plateau. Surrounded by Cully are Grandvaux, Forel, Riex and Epesses.
Coat of arms The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Per fess Argent and Gules, a Grape Bunch counterchanged.Flags of the World.com accessed 11-June-2011
Demographics
Cully has a population () of 1,752. , 22.0% of the population are resident foreign nationals.Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008 accessed 19 June 2010 Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of -1.6%. It has changed at a rate of 0.7% due to migration and at a rate of -2% due to births and deaths.Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 11-June-2011
Most of the population () speaks French (1,510 or 84.0%), with German being second most common (99 or 5.5%) and Portuguese being third (77 or 4.3%). There are 32 people who speak Italian.
Of the population in the municipality 414 or about 23.0% were born in Cully and lived there in 2000. There were 612 or 34.0% who were born in the same canton, while 289 or 16.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 417 or 23.2% were born outside of Switzerland.
In there were 9 live births to Swiss citizens and 6 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 22 deaths of Swiss citizens and 2 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 13 while the foreign population increased by 4. There were 7 Swiss men and 1 Swiss woman who immigrated back to Switzerland. At the same time, there were 20 non-Swiss men and 11 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 9 and the non-Swiss population increased by 12 people. This represents a population growth rate of 1.2%.
The age distribution, , in Cully is; 166 children or 9.5% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 183 teenagers or 10.5% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 167 people or 9.5% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 227 people or 13.0% are between 30 and 39, 264 people or 15.1% are between 40 and 49, and 258 people or 14.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 234 people or 13.4% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 142 people or 8.1% are between 70 and 79, there are 93 people or 5.3% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 17 people or 1.0% who are 90 and older.Canton of Vaud Statistical Office accessed 29 April 2011
, there were 672 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 888 married individuals, 122 widows or widowers and 116 individuals who are divorced.STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 accessed 2 February 2011
the average number of residents per living room was 0.57 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.61 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 35.2% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement).Urban Audit Glossary pg 17
, there were 803 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. There were 292 households that consist of only one person and 34 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 821 households that answered this question, 35.6% were households made up of just one person and there were 6 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 232 married couples without children, 216 married couples with children There were 45 single parents with a child or children. There were 12 households that were made up of unrelated people and 18 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.
there were 178 single family homes (or 44.3% of the total) out of a total of 402 inhabited buildings. There were 126 multi-family buildings (31.3%), along with 79 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (19.7%) and 19 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (4.7%). Of the single family homes 47 were built before 1919, while 10 were built between 1990 and 2000. The most multi-family homes (55) were built before 1919 and the next most (21) were built between 1961 and 1970. There were 4 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000.Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen accessed 28 January 2011
there were 956 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 254. There were 83 single room apartments and 232 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 783 apartments (81.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 125 apartments (13.1%) were seasonally occupied and 48 apartments (5.0%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.1%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 accessed 29 January 2011
Politics In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 20.24% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (17.51%), the Green Party (14.86%) and the SVP (13.83%). In the federal election, a total of 601 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 53.1%.Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton accessed 28 May 2010
Economy
Cully was, until the beginning of the 20th century, a predominantly agricultural village. Even today, the vineyards on the slopes of the Lavaux account for some 90 hectares and agriculture and livestock on the plateaus is an important factor in the employment structure of the population. 22% of the workforce are currently employed in agriculture, 6% in secondary industry, and the service sector accounts for 72%.
The area west of the village has evolved in recent decades, a small commercial and industrial area in which businesses in the construction industry and information technology have grown up. The trade of Cully geared towards convenience goods and tourism and there are many wine shops. East of the village there is a small leisure port and a campground. Every year, the Cully Jazz Festival is held. Thanks to good transport links and an attractive location, the village has in recent decades developed into a residential community. Many workers though are commuters who work mainly in Lausanne and in the Vevey-Montreux region.
, Cully had an unemployment rate of 3.5%. , there were 91 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 26 businesses involved in this sector. 63 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 19 businesses in this sector. 624 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 75 businesses in this sector. There were 932 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.5% of the workforce.