The health board system of Ireland was created by the 1970 Health Act.Health Act, 1970 This system was initially created with eight health boards, each of which were prescribed a functional area in which they operated. The system was reformed in 1999 from eight to eleven regional bodies.
On 1 January 2005, the health boards were replaced by the Health Service Executive.
Background Prior to the advent of the health board system, the Health Act 1947 was the principal legislation on the State's role in the provision of healthcare in Ireland;Health Act, 1947 this was the act that served as the legislative basis for the Mother and Child Scheme, which was later withdrawn under Church and medical opposition.
Under the 1947 act, the health authority for a functional area was the administrative county or county borough. This reflected the fact that until 1947, the Department of Local Government and Public Health was responsible for public health. The Department of Health was created as a separate Department of State by the Ministers and Secretaries (Amendment) Act 1946.Ministers and Secretaries (Amendment) Act 1946.
In 1970, the healthcare system of Ireland was still very much a private and voluntary system with the Catholic Church still retaining effective control of healthcare, in particular, the ownership of hospitals and institutions. Doctors served very much in a sole trader capacity with the state taking few responsibilities beyond the organisation of the provision of healthcare to the disadvantaged.
Health boards In 1970, the Health Boards RegulationsHealth Boards Regulations, 1970 were made under the Health Act 1970 and defined among other things the functional area, membership and composition of each health board. Each health board was headed by a chief executive officer and more often assisted by an management team consisting of professionals who were public servants.
Health boardCodeMembersFunctional areaEastern Health BoardEHB35Dublin City, County Dublin, County Kildare, County WicklowMidland Health BoardMHB30County Laois, County Offaly, County Longford, County WestmeathMid-Western Health BoardMWHB28County Clare, Limerick City, County Limerick, Tipperary North RidingNorth-Eastern Health BoardNEHB30County Louth, County Meath, County Cavan, County MonaghanNorth-Western Health BoardNWHB27County Donegal, County Sligo, County LeitrimSouth-Eastern Health BoardSEHB31County Carlow, County Kilkenny, County Wexford, Waterford City, County Waterford, Tipperary South RidingSouthern Health BoardSHB33Cork City, County Cork, County KerryWestern Health Board†WHB29County Galway, County Mayo, County Roscommon †In 1990, the functional area was changed to explicitly include the Galway City and as a result two board members were added to the board in accordance with the 1990 Health Boards (Amendment) Regulations.Health Boards (Amendment) Regulations, 1990 This change was due to the city obtaining county borough status on 1 January 1986 and thus the need for representation on the health board which had continued to be responsible for health within the city in the interim period.
1999 Reforms
In the late 1990s, the counties of Dublin, Kildare and Wicklow represented almost half of the population of the state and had only one health board, the Eastern Health Board. The rest of the state was served by seven health boards, each with a designated functional area. The 1999 Health (Eastern Regional Health Authority) Act was introduced and dissolved the Eastern Health Board and created four bodies in its place, thus bringing to eleven the number of regional health authorities and boards.Health (Eastern Regional Health Authority) Act, 1999
The Eastern Regional Health Authority (ERHA) was given overall responsibility for the former health board functional area, however the actual provision of services was delegated to three area health boards. These area health boards were; the Northern Area Health Board (NAHB), East Coast Area Health Board (ECAHB) and the South-Western Area Health Board (SWAHB).
The functional areas of the area health boards did not correspond exactly to the city and county council boundaries and instead were defined in the First Schedule of the Act.First Schedule of the 1999 Act The 1999 Eastern Regional Health Authority (Area Health Boards) RegulationsEastern Regional Health Authority (Area Health Boards) Regulations, 1999 determined the composition of the board of each area health board. The composition of the Eastern Regional Health Authority was determined by the act.
References
External links Department of Health