A voiced retroflex plosive or stop is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . Like all the retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of a d, the letter that is used for the corresponding alveolar consonant. Many South Asian languages, such as Hindi and Urdu, have a two-way contrast between plain and murmured (breathy voice) .
Features
Features of a voiced retroflex stop:
Occurrence Language Word IPA Meaning Notes Asturian Astierna dialect 'tongue' Corresponds to in other dialects. See Che Vaqueira Balochi /dèl 'female donkey' Bengali 'robber' Apical postalveolar. See Bengali phonology English Indian dialects 'to eat' Corresponds to in other dialects. See English phonology General American 'herd' Allophone of before or Fon ɖù 'to celebrate' Gujarati 'bone' Subapical. See Gujarati phonology Hindustani / 'to put' Apical postalveolar. See Hindustani phonology Javanese /dhahar/ 'to eat' Kannada 'to join' Kashmiri 'fear' Maba / 'false' Malayalamപടം/padam'picture' or 'movie'See Malayalam phonology Marathi 'bone' Subapical. See Marathi phonology Nepali 'fear' Apical postalveolar. See Nepali phonology Nihali 'one' Norwegian 'beacon' See Norwegian phonology Odia /ḍaṅgā 'boat' Apical postalveolar. Pashto 'full' Punjabi 'frog' Sardinian 'brain' Sicilian 'neck' Sindhi واڍو/vāḍho/वाढो[ʋɑɖʱo]'carpenter'Sinhala'stomach' Somali 'earth, land, ground' See Somali phonology Swedish 'north' See Swedish phonology Tamil 'cart' Subapical; allophone of . See Tamil phonology Telugu 'rod' Contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. Aspirated form articulated as breathy consonant. Torwali 'late afternoon' Realised as between vowels.
See also African D Index of phonetics articles
Notes
References
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