Until 308 BC Carthage was ruled, at least officially, by monarchs, in the sense of the word that executive power was held by one person.Andrew Lintott, Violence, Civil Strife and Revolution in the Classical City: 750-330 BC, Routledge, 2014, p. 66. It also seems for the time period below to have been passed down in the clan of the Magonids. The title itself was most likely Suffete.
Didoniens Dido c.814 - c. 760 BC Unknown c.760 - c. 580 BC Hanno I c. 580 – c. 556 BC Malchus c. 556 – c. 550 BC
Magonids Mago I c. 550 – c. 530 BC Hasdrubal I c. 530 – c. 510 BC Hamilcar I c. 510–480 BC Hanno II 480–440 BC Himilco I (in Sicily) 460–410 BC Hannibal I 440–406 BC Himilco II 406–396 BC Mago II 396–375 BC Mago III 375–344 BC Hanno III 344–340 BC
Hannonids Hanno I 340–337 BC Gisco 337–330 BC Hamilcar II 330–309 BC Bomilcar 309–308 BC
In 480 BC, following Hamilcar I's death, the king lost most of his power to an aristocratic Council of Elders. In 308 BC, Bomilcar attempted a coup to restore the monarch to full power, but failed, which led to Carthage becoming a republic.
References