The year 1658 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy approx. date – Kamalakara compiles his major work, Siddhāntatattvaviveka, in Varanasi.

Life sciences Jan Swammerdam observes red blood cells (in the frog) with the aid of a microscope."Swammerdam, January (1637–1680)". McGraw Hill AccessScience. 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-27. Samuel Volckertzoon observes a quokka on Rottnest Island.

Mathematics Christopher Wren gives the first published proof of the arc length of a cycloid.

Publication Posthumous publication of Arzneibüchlein, pharmacopoeia compiled by Anna von Diesbach.

Births March 5 – Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, French explorer (died 1730) April 2 - Pierre Pomet, French pharmacist (died 1699) April 8 - Georges Mareschal, French surgeon (died 1736) unknown date – Nicolas Andry, French physician (died 1742)

Deaths January 9 - Pierre-Jean Fabre, French physician and alchemist (born 1588) October 22 – Charles Bouvard, French herbalist (born 1572)

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