The year 1739 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Earth sciences Plinian eruption of Mount Tarumae volcano in Japan.
Exploration January 1 – Bouvet Island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier in the South Atlantic Ocean.
Mathematics Leonhard Euler solves the general homogeneous linear ordinary differential equation with constant coefficients. Euler invents the tonnetz (German for "tone-network"), a conceptual lattice diagram that shows a two-dimensional tonal pitch space created by the network of relationships between musical pitches in just intonation.
Physics Émilie du Châtelet publishes Dissertation sur la nature et la propagation du feu.
Awards Copley Medal: Stephen Hales
Societies June 2 – The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is founded in Stockholm by Linnaeus, Mårten Triewald and others.
Births November 14 – William Hewson, English surgeon, anatomist and physiologist, "father of haematology" (died 1774) December 14 – Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours, French industrialist (died 1817) Israel Lyons, English mathematician and botanist (died 1775)
Deaths April 19 – Nicholas Saunderson, English scientist and mathematician (born 1682) April 27 – Nicolas Sarrabat, French scientist, astronomer and mathematician (born 1698)
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