This is a list of all crewed spaceflights throughout history. Beginning in 1961 with the flight of Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1, crewed spaceflight occurs when a human crew flies a spacecraft into outer space. Human spaceflight is distinguished from spaceflight generally, which entails both crewed and uncrewed spacecraft.
There are two definitions of spaceflight. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), an international record-keeping body, defines the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space at above sea level. This boundary is known as the Kármán line. The United States awards astronaut wings to qualified personnel who pilot a spaceflight above an altitude of .
As of the launch of SpaceX Crew-13 on 1 October 2026, there have been 416 human spaceflights. Three of these were launched without crew but returned crew to Earth after damage to the crew's original vehicle. These were Soyuz 34, Soyuz MS-23 and Shenzhou 22. Two missions did not cross either the Kármán line or the U.S. definition of space and therefore do not qualify as spaceflights. These were the fatal STS-51-L (Challenger disaster), and the non-fatal aborted Soyuz mission T-10a. Two non-fatal aborted missions crossed either the Kármán line or the U.S. definition of space. One was the Soyuz mission MS-10, which did not reach the Kármán line but did pass the 80 km (50 mi) line. The other was the Soyuz mission 18a, which crossed the Kármán line. Four missions successfully achieved human spaceflight, yet ended as fatal failures as their crews died during the return. These were Soyuz 1, X-15 flight 191, Soyuz 11, and STS-107 (Columbia disaster). Twenty four flights in total reached an apogee beyond , but failed to go beyond , so therefore do not qualify as spaceflights under the FAI definition.
Summary
Since 1961, three countries (China, Russia, and the United States) and one former country (Soviet Union) have conducted human spaceflight using seventeen different spacecraft series, or: "programs", "projects".
Entity (1961–1991) / (1992–present) Subtotals by decade Agency Soviet space program Roscosmos NASA Private space corporations operating sub-orbital flights out of the United States Private space corporations operating orbital flights out of the United States CMSA Decades Program Dates No. Program Dates No.Company Program Dates No. Company Program Dates No. Program Dates No. 1961–1970 Vostok 1961–1963 6 Mercury 1961–1963 6 52 Voskhod 1964–1965 2 X-15 1962–1968 13 Soyuz 1967–1991 66 Gemini 1965–1966 10 Apollo 1968–1972 11 1971–1980 39 Skylab 1973–1974 3 Apollo–Soyuz 1975 1 1981–1990 Space Shuttle 1981–2011 135 63 1991–2000 Soyuz 1992–present 91 83 2001–2010 Scaled Composites SpaceShipOne 2004 3 Shenzhou 2003–present 18 61 2011–2020 Virgin Galactic SpaceShipTwo 2018–2024 11 SpaceX Crew Dragon (Commercial Crew) 2020–present 21 47 2021–2030 Artemis 2026–present 1 Blue Origin New Shepard 2021–present 17 Boeing Boeing Starliner (Commercial Crew) 2024–present 1 71 Subtotals by entity 165 180 31 22 18 Total 416
Human spaceflights The Salyut series, Skylab, Mir, ISS, and Tiangong series space stations, with which many of these flights docked in orbit, are not listed separately here. See the detailed lists (links below) for information.
Missions which were intended to reach space but which failed to do so are listed in bold. Missions with a maximum altitude between 50 miles (80.4672 km) and 100 kilometers (62.137 mi), which satisfy the US Military definition of space (50 mi), but not the internationally recognized FAI and NASA definition of the Kármán Line (100 km), are listed in italics. Fatal missions are marked with a dagger (†) symbol.
1961–1970Vostok 1 — Mercury-Redstone 3 — Mercury-Redstone 4 — Vostok 2Mercury-Atlas 6 — Mercury-Atlas 7 — X-15 Flight 62 — Vostok 3 — Vostok 4 — Mercury-Atlas 8X-15 Flight 77 — Mercury-Atlas 9 — Vostok 5 — Vostok 6 — X-15 Flight 87 — X-15 Flight 90 — X-15 Flight 91Voskhod 1Voskhod 2 — Gemini 3 — Gemini 4 — X-15 Flight 138 — X-15 Flight 143 — Gemini 5 — X-15 Flight 150 — X-15 Flight 153 — Gemini 7 — Gemini 6AGemini 8 — Gemini 9A — Gemini 10 — Gemini 11 — X-15 Flight 174 — Gemini 12Soyuz 1† — X-15 Flight 190 — X-15 Flight 191†X-15 Flight 197 — Apollo 7 — Soyuz 3 — Apollo 8 Soyuz 4 — Soyuz 5 — Apollo 9 — Apollo 10 — Apollo 11 — Soyuz 6 — Soyuz 7 — Soyuz 8 — Apollo 12Apollo 13 — Soyuz 91971–1980Apollo 14 — Soyuz 10 — Soyuz 11† — Apollo 15Apollo 16 — Apollo 17Skylab 2 — Skylab 3 — Soyuz 12 — Skylab 4 — Soyuz 13Soyuz 14 — Soyuz 15 — Soyuz 16Soyuz 17 — Soyuz 18a — Soyuz 18 — Soyuz 19 — Apollo-SoyuzSoyuz 21 — Soyuz 22 — Soyuz 23Soyuz 24 — Soyuz 25 — Soyuz 26Soyuz 27 — Soyuz 28 — Soyuz 29 — Soyuz 30 — Soyuz 31Soyuz 32 — Soyuz 33Soyuz 35 — Soyuz 36 — Soyuz T-2 — Soyuz 37 — Soyuz 38 — Soyuz T-31981–1990Soyuz T-4 — Soyuz 39 — STS-1 — Soyuz 40 — STS-2STS-3 — Soyuz T-5 — Soyuz T-6 — STS-4 — Soyuz T-7 — STS-5STS-6 — Soyuz T-8 — STS-7 — Soyuz T-9 — STS-8 — Soyuz T-10a — STS-9STS-41-B — Soyuz T-10 — Soyuz T-11 — STS-41-C — Soyuz T-12 — STS-41-D — STS-41-G — STS-51-ASTS-51-C — STS-51-D — STS-51-B — Soyuz T-13 — STS-51-G — STS-51-F — STS-51-I — Soyuz T-14 — STS-51-J — STS-61-A — STS-61-BSTS-61-C — STS-51-L† — Soyuz T-15Soyuz TM-2 — Soyuz TM-3 — Soyuz TM-4Soyuz TM-5 — Soyuz TM-6 — STS-26 — Soyuz TM-7 — STS-27STS-29 — STS-30 — STS-28 — Soyuz TM-8 — STS-34 — STS-33STS-32 — Soyuz TM-9 — STS-36 — STS-31 — Soyuz TM-10 — STS-41 — STS-38 — STS-35 — Soyuz TM-111991–2000STS-37 — STS-39 — Soyuz TM-12 — STS-40 — STS-43 — STS-48 — Soyuz TM-13 — STS-44STS-42 — Soyuz TM-14 — STS-45 — STS-49 — STS-50 — Soyuz TM-15 — STS-46 — STS-47 — STS-52 — STS-53STS-54 — Soyuz TM-16 — STS-56 — STS-55 — STS-57 — Soyuz TM-17 — STS-51 — STS-58 — STS-61Soyuz TM-18 — STS-60 — STS-62 — STS-59 — Soyuz TM-19 — STS-65 — STS-64 — STS-68 — Soyuz TM-20 — STS-66STS-63 — STS-67 — Soyuz TM-21 — STS-71 — STS-70 — Soyuz TM-22 — STS-69 — STS-73 — STS-74STS-72 — Soyuz TM-23 — STS-75 — STS-76 — STS-77 — STS-78 — Soyuz TM-24 — STS-79 — STS-80STS-81 — Soyuz TM-25 — STS-82 — STS-83 — STS-84 — STS-94 — Soyuz TM-26 — STS-85 — STS-86 — STS-87STS-89 — Soyuz TM-27 — STS-90 — STS-91 — Soyuz TM-28 — STS-95 — STS-88Soyuz TM-29 — STS-96 — STS-93 — STS-103STS-99 — Soyuz TM-30 — STS-101 — STS-106 — STS-92 — Soyuz TM-31 — STS-972001–2010STS-98 — STS-102 — STS-100 — Soyuz TM-32 — STS-104 — STS-105 — Soyuz TM-33 — STS-108STS-109 — STS-110 — Soyuz TM-34 — STS-111 — STS-112 — Soyuz TMA-1 — STS-113STS-107† — Soyuz TMA-2 — Shenzhou 5 — Soyuz TMA-3Soyuz TMA-4 — SpaceShipOne Flight 15P — SpaceShipOne Flight 16P — SpaceShipOne Flight 17P — Soyuz TMA-5Soyuz TMA-6 — STS-114 — Soyuz TMA-7 — Shenzhou 6Soyuz TMA-8 — STS-121 — STS-115 — Soyuz TMA-9 — STS-116Soyuz TMA-10 — STS-117 — STS-118 — Soyuz TMA-11 — STS-120STS-122 — STS-123 — Soyuz TMA-12 — STS-124 — Shenzhou 7 — Soyuz TMA-13 — STS-126STS-119 — Soyuz TMA-14 — STS-125 — Soyuz TMA-15 — STS-127 — STS-128 — Soyuz TMA-16 — STS-129 — Soyuz TMA-17STS-130 — Soyuz TMA-18 — STS-131 — STS-132 — Soyuz TMA-19 — Soyuz TMA-01M — Soyuz TMA-202011–2020STS-133 — Soyuz TMA-21 — STS-134 — Soyuz TMA-02M — STS-135 — Soyuz TMA-22 — Soyuz TMA-03MSoyuz TMA-04M — Shenzhou 9 — Soyuz TMA-05M — Soyuz TMA-06M — Soyuz TMA-07MSoyuz TMA-08M — Soyuz TMA-09M — Shenzhou 10 — Soyuz TMA-10M — Soyuz TMA-11MSoyuz TMA-12M — Soyuz TMA-13M — Soyuz TMA-14M — Soyuz TMA-15MSoyuz TMA-16M — Soyuz TMA-17M — Soyuz TMA-18M — Soyuz TMA-19MSoyuz TMA-20M — Soyuz MS-01 — Shenzhou 11 — Soyuz MS-02 — Soyuz MS-03Soyuz MS-04 — Soyuz MS-05 — Soyuz MS-06 — Soyuz MS-07Soyuz MS-08 — Soyuz MS-09 — Soyuz MS-10 — Soyuz MS-11 — VSS Unity VP-03VSS Unity VF-01 — Soyuz MS-12 — Soyuz MS-13 — Soyuz MS-15Soyuz MS-16 — Crew Dragon Demo-2 — Soyuz MS-17 — SpaceX Crew-12021–presentSoyuz MS-18 — SpaceX Crew-2 — Virgin Galactic Unity-21 — Shenzhou-12 — Virgin Galactic Unity-22 — Blue Origin NS-16 — SpaceX Inspiration4 — Soyuz MS-19 — Blue Origin NS-18 — Shenzhou-13 — SpaceX Crew-3 — Soyuz MS-20 — Blue Origin NS-19Soyuz MS-21 — Blue Origin NS-20 — Axiom Mission 1 — SpaceX Crew-4 — Blue Origin NS-21 — Shenzhou-14 — Blue Origin NS-22 — Soyuz MS-22 — SpaceX Crew-5 — Shenzhou-15SpaceX Crew-6 — Axiom Mission 2 — Virgin Galactic Unity 25 — Shenzhou-16 — Galactic 01 — Galactic 02 — SpaceX Crew-7 — Galactic 03 — Soyuz MS-24 — Galactic 04 — Shenzhou-17 — Galactic 05Axiom Mission 3 — Galactic 06 — SpaceX Crew-8 — Soyuz MS-25 — Shenzhou-18 — Blue Origin NS-25 — Boeing CFT — Galactic 07 — Blue Origin NS-26 — Polaris Dawn — Soyuz MS-26 — SpaceX Crew-9 — Shenzhou-19 — Blue Origin NS-28Blue Origin NS-30 — SpaceX Crew-10 — Fram2 — Soyuz MS-27 — Blue Origin NS-31 — Shenzhou-20 — Blue Origin NS-32 — Axiom Mission 4 — Blue Origin NS-33 — SpaceX Crew-11 — Blue Origin NS-34 — Blue Origin NS-36 — Shenzhou-21 — Soyuz MS-28 — Blue Origin NS-37Blue Origin NS-38 — SpaceX Crew-12 — Artemis II — Shenzhou-23 — Soyuz MS-29 — SpaceX Crew-13
Timeline
List by decades Decade Total flights Major milestones First by nationality1960s41 Yuri Gagarin, first human in space. Valentina Tereshkova, first woman in space. Alexei Leonov, first EVA. Neil Armstrong, first human on the Moon. Yuri Gagarin Alan Shepard1970s38 Alfred Worden, first deep space EVA. Vladimír Remek Mirosław Hermaszewski Sigmund Jähn Georgi Ivanov Bertalan Farkas Phạm Tuân Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez1980s61 Bruce McCandless II, first untethered spacewalk. Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa Dumitru Prunariu Jean-Loup Chrétien Ulf Merbold Rakesh Sharma Marc Garneau Sultan Salman Al Saud Wubbo J. Ockels Mohammed Faris Abdul Ahad Mohmand Rodolfo Neri Vela Toyohiro Akiyama 1990s83 Yuri Gidzenko, Sergei Krikalev and William M. Shepherd, first crew on ISS. Helen Sharman Franz Viehböck Dirk Frimout Aleksandr Viktorenko and Aleksandr Kaleri Claude Nicollier Franco Malerba Leonid Kadeniuk Pedro Duque Ivan Bella2000s61 Dennis Tito, first paying space tourist.SpaceShipOne flight 16P, first private suborbital flight Mark Shuttleworth Ilan Ramon Yang Liwei Christer Fuglesang Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor Yi So-yeon2010s44 — Andreas Mogensen Aidyn Aimbetov Hazza Al Mansouri2020-present51 Inspiration4, first fully private orbital flightAxiom Mission 1, first fully private ISS orbital flightPolaris Dawn, first fully private orbital spacewalkFram2, first polar retrograde orbital flight Michaela Benthaus, First wheelchair user in spaceVictor Glover, First person of colour beyond Low Earth OrbitChristina Koch, First woman beyond Low Earth OrbitJeremy Hansen, First non-American beyond Low Earth Orbit Mário Ferreira Sara Sabry Keisha Schahaff and Anastatia Mayers Namira Salim Alper Gezeravcı Marina Vasilevskaya / Chun Wang
Chris Boshuizen/ Jannicke Mikkelsen Aisha Bowe Jaime Alemán Mark Rocket Owolabi Salis
See also List of human spaceflight programs Human presence in space List of Asian astronauts
Notes
External links
Spacefacts Compare with the present article. The Spacefacts list includes most flights listed here, but omits twelve: The three failed launches of STS-51-L, Soyuz T-10a and Soyuz MS-10, none of which achieved human spaceflight, the uncrewed launch of Soyuz 34 (which nevertheless returned a crew to Earth), and the eight sub-orbital human spaceflights: Mercury-Redstone 3 and 4, X-15 flights 90 and 91, SpaceShipOne flights 15P, 16P and 17P, and Soyuz 18a.
Astronautix Similarly, see the list for "Manned Spaceflight" given at Astronautix, which includes other related categories.
References
Vostok and Voskhod flight history Mercury flight history X-15 flight history (altitudes given in feet) Gemini flight history Apollo flight history (student resource) Skylab flight history Apollo-Soyuz flight history Space Shuttle flight history infographic Shenzhou flight history timeline SpaceShipOne flight history