Andronov (), feminine: Andronova is a Russian and Bulgarian patronymic surname derived from the given name Andron. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksandr Andronov (1901–1952), Soviet physicist Iona Andronov (1934–2024), Russian journalist and politician M. Andronov, pen name of Mikhail Mikhalkov (1922–2006), Soviet intelligence officer and writer Nikolai Andronov (1929–1998), Soviet and Russian painter and muralist Peter Andronov (born 1969), Bulgarian financier and banker Sergei Andronov (born 1989), Russian ice hockey player Yuriy Andronov (born 1971), Russian race walker
See also
Andronov (crater), a lunar crater 11003 Andronov, a minor planet