The 0s BC is the period between 9 BC and 1 BC, the last nine years of the before Christ era. It is one of two "0-to-9" decade-like timespans that contain nine years, along with the 0s.
This is a list of events that occurred during the 0s BC, ordered chronologically.
Events
9 BC Roman Empire January 30 – The ("Altar of Augustan Peace"), which was voted for by the Senate four years earlier, is dedicated. Pannonia is incorporated into the Roman Empire as a part of Illyria.Pannonia — United Nations of Roma Victrix Nero Claudius Drusus, Emperor Augustus' stepson, begins a campaign against the Marcomanni, but dies soon after, due to a fall from his horse.
Arabia Aretas IV Philopatris ascended to become the King of the Nabataeans (modern Jordan).
8 BC Roman Empire King Maroboduus becomes ruler of the Marcomanni7, 1, 3, p. 290; Marcus Velleius Paterculus, Compendium of Roman History 2, 108 and fights against the Roman Empire's expansion in Bohemia. India Strato II, the last Indo-Greek king, rules the eastern Punjab alongside his co-regent son Strato III (r. c.25BC – AD10)
Germania Arminius, son of a Cheruscan chieftain, is taken as a hostage to Rome, where he receives a military education. After 20 years, Emperor Augustus initiates his second census of the Roman Empire. Sextilis, the eighth month of the early Julian calendar, is renamed Augustus (August) by a decree of the Roman Senate in honor of Augustus.Preserved by Macrobius, Saturnalia 1.12.35; entry on calendarium, in William Smith, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (John Murray, London, 1875), at LacusCurtius.
7 BC Han China May 7 – Emperor Ai becomes the emperor of Han China. Roman Empire Augustus' second census of the Roman Empire reports a total of 4,233,000 citizens. However, the specific criteria of the census are still not clear. The city of Rome is divided into 14 administrative regions. Astronomy Appearance of a very bright triple conjunction of the royal star Jupiter and Saturn in the sign of Pisces (land in the west) in May until December of that year since 854years, with a retrogradation and stationing on November 12. Robert A. Powell (1996) proposes that this is the birth date of Jesus.
6 BC Roman Empire Tiberius retires to Rhodes, to the inconvenience of Emperor Augustus. He is recalled to Rome years later in AD 4, becoming Augustus' adopted son and heir following the deaths of Lucius and Gaius Caesar.
5 BC Astronomy March – Probable nova in the constellation Aquila. c.December – Probable supernova in the constellation Capricornus.
4 BC Roman Empire Herod the Great dies, which causes unrest in his client kingdom of Judea. His son, Herod Archelaus, becomes the new ruler. Herod Antipas becomes tetrarch of Galilee and Perea,and the governor of Syria, Publius Quinctilius Varus, marches down to Jerusalem from Antioch to restore order; around 3000 Jews are crucified. Korea Namhae becomes king of the Korean kingdom of Silla.
3 BC Han China A drought strikes Shandong. Roman Empire The Pont Julien was constructed in modern southern France.Julien Bridge. Avignon & Provence
2 BC Roman Empire February 5 – Augustus is proclaimed pater patriae ("father of the country") by the Roman Senate. This bestowed title is the logical consequence and final proof of Augustus' supreme position as princeps, the first in charge over the Roman state. Julia the Elder, a daughter of Augustus, is exiled on charges of treason and adultery to Pandateria; her mother Scribonia accompanies her.Velleius Paterculus, 2.100Cassius Dio 55.10 The Forum Augustum is dedicated.
Parthia Phraates V and his mother Musa become rulers of the Parthian Empire following the murder of Phraates IV.
Armenia Tigranes IV and Erato are restored to the throne after deposing Artavasdes III.
1 BC Han dynasty August 15 – Emperor Ai dies and is succeeded by his 8-year-old cousin Ping, who is enthroned on October 17. Wang Mang is appointed regent by Empress Dowager Wang Zhengjun, his aunt. Former regent Dong Xian, who was previously Ai's lover, commits suicide with his wife.
Roman Empire Gaius Caesar marries Livilla, (daughter of Antonia Minor and Nero Claudius Drusus) in an effort to gain prestige. The Roman theatre in Cartagena, which was built by Gaius and Lucius Caesar, finishes construction. Aulus Caecina Severus was appointed consul by Emperor Augustus, succeeding Cossus Cornelius Lentulus Gaetulicus and Lucius Calpurnius Piso.
India In the Satavahana dynasty, Kunatala Satakarni is succeeded by Satakarni II. Zeionises, an Indo-Scythian satrap, begins his rule in the northern Indian subcontinent (r. c.10BC – AD10).
Year unknown Kingdom of Kush : Natakamani succeeds Amanishakheto as the King of Kush.
Roman Empire : Livy completes compilation of his Ab Urbe Condita Libri, 142 books covering the history of Rome since its foundation to the present. : The Aqua Alsietina (or Aqua Augusta), which was a Roman aqueduct in Rome, is constructed during the reign of Augustus.
Births
9 BC Ping, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (d. AD 6) Quintus Asconius Pedianus, Roman historian (d. AD 76)
8 BC Wang, Chinese empress of the Han dynasty (d. AD 23)
5 BC January 15 – Guang Wu, Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty (d. AD 57) Aemilia Lepida, Roman noblewoman and fiancée of Claudius (d. AD 43) Domitia Lepida, daughter of Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus and Antonia Major (d. AD 54) Lucius Vitellius the Elder, Roman consul and governor of Syria (d. AD 51) John the Baptist (d. c.AD 30)
4 BC Approximate date – Seneca the Younger, Córdoban-born Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman and dramatist (d. AD 65)
3 BC December 24 – Servius Sulpicius Galba, Roman emperor in AD 69.
2 BC Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, father of Nero.
Year unknown Jesus, first-century Jewish religious leader and founder of Christianity (d. AD 33). Modern estimates are usually between 7–4BC "Michael Molnar announced 10 years ago his conclusion that the Star of Bethlehem was in fact a double eclipse of Jupiter in a rare astrological conjunction that occurred in Aries on March 20, 6 BC, and again on April 17, 6 BC. ... Mr. Molnar believes that Roman astrologers would have interpreted the double-eclipse as signifying the birth of a divine king in Judea." However, astronomical software such as Stellarium shows that on March 20, the occultation of Jupiter by the Moon could not be seen from Rome, as the Moon passed by the planet without obscuring it. Furthermore, the event on April 17 began when Jupiter was 38 degrees above the horizon, at 2pm, i.e. in daylight, so it is extremely unlikely that this event would have been seen either. Dionysius Exiguus assigned the date 1BC in his Anno Domini;James D. G. Dunn, Jesus Remembered, Eerdmans Publishing (2003), page 324. Tertullian, Eusebius and Epiphanius date it to approximately 2BC.
Deaths
9 BC Nero Claudius Drusus, son of Livia and stepson of Augustus (b. 38 BC)
8 BC November 27 – Horace, Roman lyric poet and writer (b. 65 BC) Gaius Maecenas, Roman politician and advisor (b. 70 BC) Polemon I, Roman client king of the Bosporan Kingdom Xu, Chinese empress of the Han dynasty
7 BC April 17 – Cheng, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 51 BC) Aristobulus IV, Jewish prince of Judea (b. 31 BC) Geumwa of Dongbuyeo, Korean king Zhao Hede, Chinese consort of the Han dynasty
6 BC Lady Ban (or Ban Jieyu), Chinese concubine and poet (b. 48 BC) Feng Yuan (or Zhaoyi), Chinese concubine of the Han Dynasty Liu Xiang, Chinese scholar, editor of Shan Hai Jing and compiler of Lienü zhuan, father of Liu Xin (b. 77 BC) Soseono, Korean queen of Goguryeo (b. 67 BC)
5 BC Acme (enslaved woman), Jewish slave and personal maid in the service of the Empress Livia Drusilla, wife of Augustus Curia, Roman noblewoman and wife of Quintus Lucretius Vespillo
4 BC March or April – Herod the Great, king of Judea (b. 73 BC); some authors date his death to 1 BC (see Date of Herod's death). Antipater, Jewish heir and son of Herod the Great Malthace, Jewish woman and wife of Herod the Great Marcus Porcius Latro, Roman rhetorician Marcus Tullius Tiro, Roman writer, freedman of Cicero
2 BC Fu, Chinese Grand Empress of the Han dynasty Iullus Antonius, Roman consul and son of Mark Antony (b. 43 BC) Phraates IV, king of the Parthian Empire
1 BC August 15 – Ai of Han, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 27 BC) Dong Xian, Chinese politician and commander-in-chief (b. 23 BC) Xiaoai, Chinese empress and wife of Ai of Han Zhao Feiyan, Chinese empress and wife of Cheng of Han (b. 45 BC)
Year unknown Cleopatra Selene II, Ptolemaic princess of Egypt Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Greek historian Fu, Chinese grand empress of the Han Dynasty
Significant people
Tigranes IV, King of Armenia, r. 12–1BC Erato, Queen of Armenia, 8–5BC, 2BC – AD2, AD6–11 Artavasdes III, King of Armenia, r. 5–2BC Jesus Christ, Jewish preacher and central figure of Christianity, (c.4BC – c.AD33) Ariobarzan of Atropatene, Client King of Armenia, r. 1BC – AD2 Cheng Di, Emperor of Han dynasty China, r. 32–7BC Ai Di, Emperor of Han dynasty China, r. 7–1BC Ping Di, Emperor of Han dynasty China, r. 1BC – AD5 Wang Mang, Chinese statesman and future emperor of China Dong Xian, Han dynasty Chinese official under Emperor Ai of Han Antiochus III, King of Commagene, r. 12BC – AD17 Arminius, Germanic war chief (18/17BC – AD21) Arshak II, King of Caucasian Iberia, r. 20BC – AD1 Strato II and Strato III, co-kings of the Indo-Greek Kingdom, r. 25BC – AD10 Kunatala Satakarni, king of the Satavahana dynasty, r. 9–1BC Satakarni III, king of the Satavahana dynasty, r. 1BC – AD1 Zeionises, Indo-Scythian satrap in the northern Indian subcontinent, r. c.10BC – AD10 Lugaid Riab nDerg, legendary High King of Ireland, r. 33–9BC Conchobar Abradruad, legendary High King of Ireland, r. 9–8BC Crimthann Nia Náir, legendary High King of Ireland, r. (8BC – AD9) Suinin, legendary Emperor of Japan, r. 29BC – AD70 Amanishakheto, King of Kush, r. 10–1BC Natakamani, King of Kush, r. 1BC – AD20 Ma'nu III, King of Osroene, r. 23–4BC Abgar V, King of Osroene, r. 4BC – AD7, AD13–50 Phraates IV, king of the Parthian Empire, r. 38–2BC Phraates V, king of the Parthian Empire, r. 2BC – AD4 Musa of Parthia, mother and co-ruler with Phraates V, r. 2BC – AD4 Caesar Augustus, Roman Emperor (27BC – AD14) Nero Claudius Drusus, Roman Consul, in office 9 BC Gaius Caesar, Roman general Livy, Roman historian Ovid, Roman poet Quirinius, Roman nobleman and politician Tiberius, Roman general, statesman, and future emperor. Herod the Great, client king of Judea Hillel the Elder, Jewish scholar and Nasi of the Sanhedrin, in office c.31BC – AD9 Shammai, Jewish scholar and Av Beit Din of the Sanhedrin, in office 20BC – AD20 Hyeokgeose, King of Silla, r. 57BC – AD4 References