List of Roman imperial victory titles

This is a list of victory titles assumed by Roman Emperors, not including assumption of the title Imperator (originally itself a victory title); note that the Roman Emperors were not the only persons to assume victory titles (Maximinus Thrax acquired his victory title during the reign of a previous Emperor). In a sense, the Imperial victory titles give a summary of which wars and which adversaries were considered significant by the senior leadership of the Roman Empire, but in some cases more opportunistic motifs play a role, even to the point of glorifying a victory that was by no means a real triumph (but celebrated as one for internal political prestige).

Multiple grants of the same title were distinguished by ordinals, e.g. Germanicus Maximus IV, "great victor in Germania for the fourth time".

List Quintus Labienus, 40-38 BC Parthicus imperator: variously interpreted, with latest research suggest the meaning "friend of Parthia" Publius Ventidius Bassus, 38 BC Parthicus, victorious against Parthia (the only non-imperial holder) Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus ("victorious in Germania"), post. 9BC, inherited by: Germanicus, his son Caligula, 37–41, his grandson Claudius, 41–54, his son, on becoming Emperor in 41 AD. Claudius, 41–54, Britannicus ("victorious in Britain"), 44 Vitellius, 69 Germanicus ("victorious in Germania"), 69 Domitian, 81–96 Germanicus ("victorious in Germania"), late 83 Nerva, 96-98 Germanicus ("victorious in Germania"), October 97 Trajan, 98–117 Germanicus ("victorious in Germania"), October 97 Dacicus ("victorious in Dacia"), 102 Parthicus ("victorious in Parthia"), 114 Optimus ("Best"), 114 Marcus Aurelius, 161–180 Armeniacus ("victorious in Armenia"), 164 Medicus ("victorious in Media"), 166 Parthicus Maximus ("great victor in Parthia"), 166 Germanicus ("victorious in Germania"), 172 Sarmaticus ("victorious in Sarmatia"), 175 Lucius Verus, 161–169 Armeniacus ("victorious in Armenia"), 164 Parthicus Maximus ("great victor in Parthia"), 165 Medicus ("victorious in Media"), 166 Commodus, 177–192 Germanicus ("victorious in Germania"), 15 October 172 Sarmaticus ("victorious in Sarmatia"), spring 175 Germanicus Maximus ("great victor in Germania"), mid-182 Britannicus, late 184 Septimius Severus, 193–211 Arabicus ("victorious in Arabia"), 195 Adiabenicus (victor of Adiabene"), 195 Parthicus Maximus ("great victor in Parthia"), 198 Britannicus Maximus ("great victor in Britain"), 209 or 210 Caracalla, 198–217 Britannicus Maximus ("great victor in Britain"), 209 or 210 Germanicus Maximus ("great victor in Germania"), 213 Maximinus Thrax, 235–238 Germanicus Maximus ("great victor in Germania"), 235 Philip the Arab Germanicus Maximus ("great victor in Germania"), ca 247 Carpicus Maximus ("great victor of the Carpi") ca 247 Claudius II, 268–270 Gothicus Maximus ("great victor against the Goths"), 269 Aurelian, 270–275 Germanicus Maximus ("great victor in Germania"), 270 and 271 Gothicus Maximus ("great victor of the Goths"), 271 Parthicus Maximus ("great victor in Parthia"), 273 Tacitus, 275–276 Gothicus Maximus ("great victor of the Goths"), 276 Probus, 276–282 Gothicus (victor of the Goths"), 277 Germanicus Maximus ("great victor in Germania"), 279 Persicus Maximus ("great victor in Persia"), 279 Diocletian, 284–305 Germanicus Maximus ("great victor in Germania"), 285, 287, 288, 293 and 301 Sarmaticus Maximus ("great victor of the Sarmatians"), 285, 289, 294 and 300 Persicus Maximus ("great victor over the Persians"), 295 and 298 Britannicus Maximus ("great victor in Britain"), 297 Carpicus Maximus ("great victor over Carpians"), 297 Armenicus Maximus ("victorious in Armenia"), 298 Medicus Maximus ("great victor in Media"), 298 Adiabenicus Maximus ("great victor in Adiabene"), 298 Maximian, 286–305, 306–308 Germanicus Maximus ("great victor in Germania"), 287, 288, 293 and 301 Sarmaticus Maximus ("great victor of the Sarmatians"), 289, 294 and 300 Persicus Maximus ("great victor over the Persians"), 298 Britannicus Maximus ("great victor in Britain"), 297 Carpicus Maximus ("great victor over Carpians"), 297 Armenicus Maximus ("victorious in Armenia"), 298 Medicus Maximus ("great victor in Media"), 298 Adiabenicus Maximus ("great victor in Adiabene"), 298 Galerius Maximianus, 305–311 Britannicus Maximus ("great victory in Britain"), 297 Carpicus Maximus ("great victor of the Carpians"), six times between 297 and 308 Constantine I, 307–337 Germanicus Maximus ("great victor in Germania"), 307, 308, 314 and 328 Sarmaticus Maximus ("great victor over the Sarmatians"), 323 and 334 Gothicus Maximus ("great victor over the Goths"), 328 and 332 Dacicus Maximus ("great victor over the Dacian"), 336 Constans, 337–350 Sarmaticus ("victorious over the Sarmatians") Valentinian III, 425-455Rösch 1978, p. 165 Germanicus ("victorious over the Germans") Alamannicus ("victorious over the Alamanni") Sarmaticus ("victorious over the Sarmatians") Marcian, 450-457 Germanicus ("victorious over the Germans") Sarmaticus ("victorious over the Sarmatians") Alamannicus ("victorious over the Alamanni") Francicus ("victorious over the Franks") Anastasius I, 491-518Rösch 1978, p. 167 Germanicus ("victorious over the Germans") Alamannicus ("victorious over the Alamanni") Francicus ("victorious over the Franks") Sarmaticus ("victorious over the Sarmatians") Justinian I, 527–565 Alamannicus ("victorious over the Alamanni"), on accession Gothicus ("victorious over the Goths"), on accession Francicus ("victorious over the Franks"), on accession Anticus ("victorious over the Antae"), on accession Alanicus ("victorious over the Alans"), on accession Vandalicus ("victorious over the Vandals"), after the Vandalic War, 534 Africanus ("victorious in Africa"), after the Vandalic War, 534 Justin II, 565-578Rösch 1978, p. 168 Alamannicus ("victorious over the Alamanni") Gothicus ("victorious over the Goths") Francicus ("victorious over the Franks") Germanicus ("victorious over the Germans") Anticus ("victorious over the Alans") Vandalicus ("victorious over the Vandals") Africanus ("victorious in Africa") Tiberius II Constantine, 578–582Rösch 1978, p. 169 Alamannicus ("victorious over the Alamanni") Gothicus ("victorious over the Goths") Francicus ("victorious over the Franks") Germanicus ("victorious over the Germans") Alanicus ("victorious over the Alans") Vandalicus ("victorious over the Vandals") Africanus ("victorious over the Africans") Maurice, 582–602 Alamannicus ("victorious over the Alamanni") Gothicus ("victorious over the Goths") Anticus ("victorious over the Antae") Alanicus ("victorious over the Alans") Wandalicus ("victorious over the Vandals") Erullicus ("victorious over the Heruls") Gypedicus ("victorious over the Gepids") Africus ("victorious over the Africans") Heraclius, 610–641, was the last attested emperor to use ethnic victory titles until the tenth century, in 612 he proclaimed himself:Walter Kaegi (2003), Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium (Cambridge University Press, 2003), p. 164. Alamannicus ("victorious over the Alamanni") Gothicus ("victorious over the Goths") Francicus ("victorious over the Franks") Germanicus ("victorious over the Germans") Anticus ("victorious over the Antae") Alanicus ("victorious over the Alans") Wandalicus ("victorious over the Vandals") Africanus ("victorious over the Africans") Erullicus ("victorious over the Heruls") Gypedicus ("victorious over the Gepids") Basil II, 960–1025 Scythicus ("victorious over the "Scythians"), after his campaign in Bulgaria (991-995) Manuel I Komnenos, 1143-1180 revived the practice in 1166, with a legal basis for each of these titles:A. A. Vasiliev (1936), The Goths in the Crimea (Cambridge MA: Mediaeval Academy of America), pp. 140–145. Isauricus ("victorious over the Isaurians") Cilicius ("victorious over the Cilicians") Armenicus ("victorious over the Armenians") Dalmaticus ("victorious over the Dalmatians") Ugricus ("victorious over the Hungarians") Bosniacus ("victorious over the Bosnians") Chorvaticus ("victorious over the Croatians") Lazicus ("victorious over the Lazi") Ibericus ("victorious over the Iberians") Bulgaricus ("victorious over the Bulgars") Serbicus ("victorious over the Serbs") Zikhicus ("victorious over the Zichi") Azaricus ("victorious in Atzara") Gothicus ("victorious over the Goths")

Alexios III Megas Komnenos, 1349-1390Beneshevich, V. and Ouspensky, Th. (1927) Actes de Vazélon. Matériaux pour servir à l'histoire de la propriété rurale et monastique à Byzance aux XIII-XV siècles, 103. Germanicus ("victorious over the Germans") Alamannicus ("victorious over the Alamanni") Gothicus ("victorious over the Goths") Wandalicus ("victorious over the Vandals")

List of Roman imperial victory titles

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