This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Eswatini. There are 107 mammal species in Eswatini, of which one is critically endangered, two are endangered, five are vulnerable, and four are near threatened.This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range. CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species. DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories: LR/cd Lower risk/conservation dependent Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued. LR/nt Lower risk/near threatened Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes. LR/lc Lower risk/least concern Species for which there are no identifiable risks.
Order: Afrosoricida (tenrecs and golden moles) The order Afrosoricida contains the golden moles of southern Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar and Africa, two families of small mammals that were traditionally part of the order Insectivora.
Family: Chrysochloridae Subfamily: Amblysominae Genus: Amblysomus Hottentot golden mole, Amblysomus hottentotus LC Marley's golden mole, Amblysomus marleyi EN Highveld golden mole, Amblysomus septentrionalis NT
Order: Pholidota (pangolins)
The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.
Family: Manidae Genus: Smutsia Ground pangolin, S. temminckii VU possibly extirpated
Order: Hyracoidea (hyraxes)
The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.
Family: Procaviidae (hyraxes) Genus: Procavia Cape hyrax, P. capensis
Order: Proboscidea (elephants)
The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals. Family: Elephantidae (elephants) Genus: Loxodonta African bush elephant, L. africana reintroduced
Order: Primates
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.
Suborder: Strepsirrhini Infraorder: Lemuriformes Superfamily: Lorisidae Family: Galagidae Genus: Galago Mohol bushbaby, G. moholi Genus: Otolemur Brown greater galago, Otolemur crassicaudatus LR/lc Suborder: Haplorhini Infraorder: Simiiformes Parvorder: Catarrhini Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys) Genus: Chlorocebus Vervet monkey, Chlorocebus pygerythrus LR/lc Genus: Cercopithecus Blue monkey, Cercopithecus mitis LR/lc Genus: Papio Chacma baboon, Papio ursinus LR/lc
Order: Rodentia (rodents) Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to .
Suborder: Hystricognathi Family: Bathyergidae Genus: Cryptomys Common mole-rat, Cryptomys hottentotus LC Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) Genus: Hystrix Cape porcupine, Hystrix africaeaustralis LC Family: Thryonomyidae (cane rats) Genus: Thryonomys Greater cane rat, Thryonomys swinderianus LC Suborder: Sciurognathi Family: Gliridae (dormice) Subfamily: Graphiurinae Genus: Graphiurus Small-eared dormouse, Graphiurus microtis LC Rock dormouse, Graphiurus platyops LC Family: Nesomyidae Subfamily: Dendromurinae Genus: Dendromus Gray climbing mouse, Dendromus melanotis LC Chestnut climbing mouse, Dendromus mystacalis LC Subfamily: Cricetomyinae Genus: Saccostomus South African pouched mouse, Saccostomus campestris LC Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.) Subfamily: Otomyinae Genus: Otomys Angoni vlei rat, Otomys angoniensis LC Vlei rat, Otomys irroratus LC Subfamily: Gerbillinae Genus: Tatera Highveld gerbil, Tatera brantsii LC Bushveld gerbil, Tatera leucogaster LC Subfamily: Murinae Genus: Aethomys Tete veld aethomys, Aethomys ineptus LC Namaqua rock rat, Aethomys namaquensis LC Genus: Grammomys Woodland thicket rat, Grammomys dolichurus LC Genus: Lemniscomys Single-striped grass mouse, Lemniscomys rosalia LC Genus: Mastomys Natal multimammate mouse, Mastomys natalensis LC Genus: Mus African pygmy mouse, Mus minutoides LC Genus: Rhabdomys Four-striped grass mouse, Rhabdomys pumilio LC Genus: Thallomys Acacia rat, Thallomys paedulcus LC
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs) The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares) Genus: Lepus Cape hare, Lepus capensis LR/lc African savanna hare, Lepus microtis LR/lc
Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons) The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
Family: Soricidae (shrews) Subfamily: Crocidurinae Genus: Crocidura Reddish-gray musk shrew, Crocidura cyanea LC Greater red musk shrew, Crocidura flavescens LC Lesser red musk shrew, Crocidura hirta LC Maquassie musk shrew, Crocidura maquassiensis LC Swamp musk shrew, Crocidura mariquensis LC Lesser gray-brown musk shrew, Crocidura silacea LC Genus: Suncus Least dwarf shrew, Suncus infinitesimus LC Subfamily: Myosoricinae Genus: Myosorex Dark-footed forest shrew, Myosorex cafer LC Forest shrew, Myosorex varius LC
Order: Chiroptera (bats) The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals. Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats) Subfamily: Pteropodinae Genus: Eidolon Straw-coloured fruit bat, Eidolon helvum LC Genus: Epomophorus Peters's epauletted fruit bat, Epomophorus crypturus LC Wahlberg's epauletted fruit bat, Epomophorus wahlbergi LC Genus: Rousettus Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus LC Family: Vespertilionidae Subfamily: Kerivoulinae Genus: Kerivoula Damara woolly bat, Kerivoula argentata LC Subfamily: Myotinae Genus: Myotis Cape hairy bat, Myotis tricolor LC Subfamily: Vespertilioninae Genus: Glauconycteris Butterfly bat, Glauconycteris variegata LC Genus: Neoromicia Cape serotine, Neoromicia capensis LC Banana pipistrelle, Neoromicia nanus LC Genus: Nycticeinops Schlieffen's bat, Nycticeinops schlieffeni LC Genus: Scotophilus African yellow bat, Scotophilus dinganii LC Subfamily: Miniopterinae Genus: Miniopterus Lesser long-fingered bat, Miniopterus fraterculus LC Natal long-fingered bat, Miniopterus natalensis NT Family: Molossidae Genus: Chaerephon Little free-tailed bat, Chaerephon pumila LC Genus: Mops Angolan free-tailed bat, Mops condylurus LC Family: Emballonuridae Genus: Taphozous Mauritian tomb bat, Taphozous mauritianus LC Family: Nycteridae Genus: Nycteris Egyptian slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica LC Family: Rhinolophidae Subfamily: Rhinolophinae Genus: Rhinolophus Blasius's horseshoe bat, R. blasii Geoffroy's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus clivosus LC Darling's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus darlingi LC Bushveld horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus simulator LC Subfamily: Hipposiderinae Genus: Cloeotis Percival's trident bat, Cloeotis percivali VU Genus: Hipposideros Sundevall's roundleaf bat, Hipposideros caffer LC
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae (cats) Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Acinonyx Cheetah, A. jubatus Genus: Caracal Caracal, C. caracal Genus: Felis African wildcat, F. lybica Genus: Leptailurus Serval, L. serval Subfamily: Pantherinae Genus: Panthera Lion, P. leo Leopard, P. pardus Family: Hyaenidae (hyaenas) Genus: Parahyaena Brown hyena, P. brunnea presence uncertain Genus: Proteles Aardwolf, P. cristata Suborder: Caniformia Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes) Genus: Lupulella Side-striped jackal, L. adusta Black-backed jackal, L. mesomelas Genus: Lycaon African wild dog, L. pictus extirpated Family: Mustelidae (mustelids) Genus: Ictonyx Striped polecat, I. striatus Genus: Mellivora Honey badger, M. capensis Genus: Aonyx African clawless otter, A. capensis
Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
Family: Equidae (horses etc.) Genus: Equus Plains zebra, E. quagga Burchell's zebra, E. q. burchellii Selous' zebra, E. q. selousi Family: Rhinocerotidae Genus: Diceros Black rhinoceros, D. bicornis South-central black rhinoceros, D. b. minor reintroduced Genus: Ceratotherium White rhinoceros, c. simum Southern white rhinoceros, C. s. simum
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
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The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans. Family: Suidae (pigs) Subfamily: Phacochoerinae Genus: Phacochoerus Common warthog, Phacochoerus africanus Subfamily: Suinae Genus: Potamochoerus Bushpig, Potamochoerus larvatus Family: Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses) Genus: Hippopotamus Hippopotamus, Hippopotamus amphibius VU Family: Giraffidae (giraffe, okapi) Genus: Giraffa Giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis VU introduced Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats) Subfamily: Alcelaphinae Genus: Alcelaphus Hartebeest, Alcelaphus buselaphus LC introduced Genus: Connochaetes Black wildebeest, Connochaetes gnou LC Blue wildebeest, Connochaetes taurinus Genus: Damaliscus Topi, Damaliscus lunatus Bontebok, Damaliscus pygargus Subfamily: Antilopinae Genus: Oreotragus Klipspringer, Oreotragus oreotragus Genus: Ourebia Oribi, Ourebia ourebi Genus: Raphicerus Steenbok, Raphicerus campestris Sharpe's grysbok, Raphicerus sharpei Subfamily: Bovinae Genus: Syncerus African buffalo, S. caffer reintroduced Genus: Tragelaphus Nyala, Tragelaphus angasii reintroduced