Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN) is an explosive nitrated alcohol ester with the formula C4H8N2O7. It is commonly used as a plasticizer in propellant or explosive formulations. While chemically similar to numerous other high explosives, pure diethylene glycol dinitrate is difficult to ignite. Ignition typically requires localized heating to the decomposition point unless the DEGDN is first atomized. It is sensitive to detonation by impact but not due to friction.
Preparation and uses Diethylene glycol dinitrate can be made by nitration of diethylene glycol with nitric acid in the presence of a dehydrating agent, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.
Toxicity If ingested, like nitroglycerine, it rapidly causes vasodilation through the release of nitric oxide, a physiological signaling molecule that relaxes vascular smooth muscle which leads to a rapid loss in blood pressure. Other acute effects include convulsions and loss of consciousness. Its median lethal dose (LD50) is 650 mg/kg in guinea pigs.
Uses DEGDN can be mixed with nitrocellulose or nitroglycol to form a colloid which is used in smokeless powder for artillery and rocket propellant. During World War II, the Kriegsmarine frequently used this mixture in their artillery.
Triethylene glycol dinitrate, diethylene glycol dinitrate, and trimethylolethane trinitrate can be used as less-sensitive replacements for nitroglycerin in propellants.
See also Triethylene glycol dinitrate Ethylene glycol dinitrate TNT equivalent RE factor
References
W. H. Rinkenbach, Industrial Engineering Chemistry v19 p925 (1927) Note: the present author has transliterated some terminology and notation in line with modern practice. Military applications referenced in Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War 2; Gen. Ed. Chris Bishop, c.2003 Friedman/Fairfax NYNY,