Pulikali

Pulikali () is a recreational folk art from the state of Kerala, India,Pulikkali Procession on the occasion of Athachamayam celebrations in Tripunithura, Kerala, Musicmalt.com performed during Onam, an annual harvest festival. The performance revolves around the theme of tiger hunting.

On the fourth day of Onam celebrations (Naalaam Onam or chathayam), performers painted like tigers and leopards in bright yellow, red, and black shake their bellies and dance to the beats of instruments like chenda and chengila. In Thrissur on the fourth day of Onam, Pulikali troupes from all over the district assemble to display their skills, attracting thousands of people to Thrissur. Pulikali is also performed during various other festive seasons.

History

The origin of Pulikali dates back over 200 years, when the Maharaja Rama Varma Sakthan Thampuran, the then Maharaja of Cochin, is said to have introduced the folk art. They used to perform the art form, decked as tigers with peculiar steps resembling the tiger, then known as 'Pulikkettikali', which was immensely enjoyed by the locals. Pulikali in Thrissur is held in memory of this event.

Modern Over the years, there have been changes in the adornment of Pulikali dancers. In the early days, masks were not used, and participants would have themselves painted all over, on their faces as well. But now, ready-made masks, cosmetic teeth, tongues, beards, and mustaches are used by the participants along with the paint on their bodies. The tigers also wear a broad belt with jingles around their waist. This festival in Thrissur has become a highly popular community event, attracting strong participation from local youth and robust support from sponsors. The event is organized by the Pulikali Coordination Committee, a unified council of Pulikali groups formed in 2004 in Thrissur to preserve and propagate the art in all its true hues and tones. The Thrissur Municipal Corporation gives a grant of Rs 30,000($400) for each Pulikali troupe.

Usually, men and children perform this art form. For the first time, 3 women among a 51-member team participated in the Pulikali at Thrissur in 2016.

Due to COVID-19 and lockdown restrictions, many Onam celebrations were put off. Under the initiative of the Ayyanthole Desham Pulikali Samithy, Pulikali was live-streamed on their Facebook page. About 17 people took part in the dance virtually from various locations.

Preparations A striking feature of this folk art is the colourful appearance of the performers. A particular combination of tempera powder and varnish or enamel is used to make the paint. First of all, the dancers remove the hair from their bodies, and then the base coat of paint is applied. It takes two to three hours for the coating to dry. After that, the second coat of paint is applied with an enhanced design. This entire procedure takes at least five to seven hours. A large number of artists gather to apply paint on the tigers. It is a meticulous process and often starts in the wee hours of the morning. By afternoon, the Pulikali groups, or 'sangams' as they are called, from all four corners of Thrissur move in a procession, dancing, bouncing and shaking their bellies to the beat of the drums through the streets to the Swaraj Round, Thrissur situated in the heart of the city through Palace Road, Karunakaran Nambiar Road, Shornur Road, A R Menon Road, and MG Road.

Scenes such as the tiger preying on an animal and a tiger being hunted by a game-hunter are enacted beautifully in between. Thousands of spectators line the streets, enjoying the dance and cheering the dancers. Some of them even try to join in. The groups assemble at Naduvilal in the Swaraj Round, Thrissur in front of the Vadakkunnathan Temple and offer a coconut each to the deity of the Ganapati shrine (Naduvilal Ganapati Kovil) here, before going on a procession around the ground. The procession also includes floats from each village. The different troupes vie with each other to make the best floats as well as the best-dressed tigers.

Gallery

Pulikali

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