List of mammals of North America

This is a list of North American mammals. It includes all mammals currently found in the United States, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Canada, Greenland, Bermuda, Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean region, whether resident or as migrants. This article does not include species found only in captivity. Mammal species which became extinct in the last 10,000 to 13,000 years are also included in this article. Each species is listed, with its binomial name. Most established introduced species occurring across multiple states and provinces are also noted.

Some species are identified as indicated below: (A) = Accidental: occurrence based on one or a few records, and unlikely to occur regularly (E) = Extinct: died out between 13,000 years ago and the present (Ex) = Extirpated: no longer occurs in area of interest, but other populations exist elsewhere (I) = Introduced: population established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous

and Endangered Species Act: - endangered, - threatened , - experimental non essential or essential population , - endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance (selected only taxa found in the US, the data is current as of March 28, 2014)

Didelphimorphia (opossums)

Didelphidae Common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana Derby's woolly opossum, Caluromys derbianus Bare-tailed woolly opossum, Caluromys philander Water opossum, Chironectes minimus Adler's woolly mouse opossum, Marmosa adleri Alston's mouse opossum, Marmosa alstoni and: Nicaraguan woolly mouse opossum, Marmosa nicaraguae Isthmian mouse opossum, Marmosa isthmica Mexican mouse opossum, Marmosa mexicana and: Zeledon's mouse opossum, Marmosa zeledoni Linnaeus's mouse opossum, Marmosa murina Robinson's mouse opossum, Marmosa robinsoni Tschudi's slender opossum, Marmosops caucae Dusky slender opossum, Marmosops fuscatus and: Carr's slender opossum, Marmosops carri Panama slender opossum, Marmosops invictus Brown four-eyed opossum, Metachirus nudicaudatus and: Common brown four-eyed opossum, Metachirus myosuros Sepia short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis adusta Gray four-eyed opossum, Philander opossum and: Dark four-eyed opossum, Philander melanurus Northern four-eyed opossum, Philander vossi Balsas gray mouse opossum, Tlacuatzin balsasensis Grayish mouse opossum, Tlacuatzin canescens and: Yucatán gray mouse opossum, Tlacuatzin gaumeri Tres Marías gray mouse opossum, Tlacuatzin insularis Northern gray mouse opossum, Tlacuatzin sinaloae

Cingulata (armadillos)

Dasypodidae Beautiful armadillo, Dasypus bellus (E) Nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus

Chlamyphoridae Northern naked-tailed armadillo, Cabassous centralis American glyptodont, Glyptotherium floridanum (E)

Pampatheriidae American giant armadillo, Holmesina septentrionalis (E)

Pilosa: Vermilingua (anteaters and tamanduas)

Cyclopedidae Common silky anteater, Cyclopes didactylus Central American silky anteater, Cyclopes dorsalis

Myrmecophagidae Giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla Northern tamandua, Tamandua mexicana Southern tamandua, Tamandua tetradactyla

Pilosa: Folivora (sloths)

Megalonychidae

Jefferson ground sloth, Megalonyx jeffersonii (E)

Bradypodidae (three-toed sloths) Pygmy three-toed sloth, Bradypus pygmaeus Brown-throated sloth, Bradypus variegatus

Choloepodidae (two-toed sloths) Hoffmann's two-toed sloth, Choloepus hoffmanni

Megatheriidae American giant ground sloth, Eremotherium laurillardi (E)

Mylodontidae Harlan's ground sloth, Paramylodon harlani (E)

Nothrotheriidae Shasta ground sloth, Nothrotheriops shastensis (E)

Rodentia (rodents)

Echimyidae

Heteropsomyinae Oriente cave rat, Boromys offella (E) Torre's cave rat, Boromys torrei (E) Hispaniolan edible rat, Brotomys voratus (E) Antillean cave rat, Heteropsomys antillensis (E) Insular cave rat, Heteropsomys insulans (E)

Echimyinae Rufous soft-furred spiny-rat, Diplomys labilis Armored rat, Hoplomys gymnurus Red-nosed armored tree-rat, Makalata didelphoides Tome's spiny-rat, Proechimys semispinosus Trinidad spiny-rat, Proechimys trinitatis

Capromyinae (hutias) Garrido's hutia, Capromys garridoi Desmarest's hutia, Capromys pilorides and: Gundlach's hutia, Capromys gundlachianus Jamaican coney, Geocapromys brownii Cayman hutia, Geocapromys caymanensis (E) Cuban coney, Geocapromys columbianus (E) Bahamian hutia, Geocapromys ingrahami Little Swan Island hutia, Geocapromys thoracatus (E) Imposter hutia, Hexolobodon phenax (E) Wide-toothed hutia, Hyperplagiodontia araeum (E) Montane hutia, Isolobodon montanus (E) Puerto Rican hutia, Isolobodon portoricensis (E) Cabrera's hutia, Mesocapromys angelcabrerai Eared hutia, Mesocapromys auritus Black-tailed hutia, Mesocapromys melanurus Dwarf hutia, Mesocapromys nana San Felipe hutia, Mesocapromys sanfelipensis Prehensile-tailed hutia, Mysateles prehensilis and: Isla De La Juventud tree hutia, Mysateles prehensilis meridionalis Hispaniolan hutia, Plagiodontia aedium or: Small Haitian hutia, Plagiodontia spelaeum (E) Samaná hutia, Plagiodontia ipnaeum (E) Lemke's hutia, Rhizoplagiodontia lemkei (E)

Aplodontiidae Mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa (ssp. A. r. nigra: )

Castoridae (beavers)

North American beaver, Castor canadensis Giant beaver, Castoroides ohioensis (E)

Zapodidae (jumping mice) Eastern woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus insignis and: Western woodland jumping mouse, Napaeozapus abietorum Northern meadow jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonius (Preble's meadow jumping mouse, Z. h. preblei: ) and: Southern meadow jumping mouse, Zapus luteus South-western jumping mouse, Zapus princeps and: Oregon jumping mouse, Zapus oregonus South Pacific jumping mouse, Zapus pacificus North-western jumping mouse, Zapus saltator North Pacific jumping mouse, Zapus trinotatus and: Central Pacific jumping mouse, Zapus montanus

Erethizontidae (New World porcupines) Mexican hairy dwarf porcupine, Coendou mexicanus Brazilian porcupine, Coendou prehensilis and: Amazonian long-tailed porcupine, Coendou longicaudatus Andean porcupine, Coendou quichua North American porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum

Caviidae (cavy family) Lesser capybara, Hydrochoerus isthmius Pinckney's capybara, Neochoerus pinckneyi (E) Holmes's capybara, Neochoerus aesopi (E)

Heptaxodontidae (giant hutia) Blunt-toothed giant hutia, Amblyrhiza inundata (E) Osborn's key mouse, Clidomys osborni (E) Plate-toothed giant hutia, Elasmodontomys obliquus (E) Twisted-toothed mouse, Quemisia gravis (E)

Dasyproctidae Coiban agouti, Dasyprocta coibae Common red-rumped agouti, Dasyprocta leporina Mexican agouti, Dasyprocta mexicana Central American agouti, Dasyprocta punctata Ruatan Island agouti, Dasyprocta ruatanica

Cuniculidae Lowland paca, Cuniculus paca

Geomyidae (pocket gophers) There has been much debate among taxonomists about which races of pocket gopher should be recognized as full species, and the following list cannot be regarded as definitive.

Yellow-faced pocket gopher, Cratogeomys castanops Oriental Basin pocket gopher, Cratogeomys fulvescens Smoky pocket gopher, Cratogeomys fumosus and: Volcan de Toluca pocket gopher, Cratogeomys planiceps Goldman's pocket gopher, Cratogeomys goldmani Merriam's pocket gopher, Cratogeomys merriami Perote pocket gopher, Cratogeomys perotensis Desert pocket gopher, Geomys arenarius Attwater's pocket gopher, Geomys attwateri Baird's pocket gopher, Geomys breviceps Plains pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius and: Hall's pocket gopher, Geomys jugossicularis Sand Hills pocket gopher, Geomys lutescens Knox Jones's pocket gopher, Geomys knoxjonesi Texas pocket gopher, Geomys personatus and: Strecker's pocket gopher, Geomys streckeri Southeastern pocket gopher, Geomys pinetis Llano pocket gopher, Geomys texensis Tropical pocket gopher, Geomys tropicalis Chiriqui pocket gopher, Heterogeomys cavator Cherrie's pocket gopher, Heterogeomys cherriei Darien pocket gopher, Heterogeomys dariensis Variable pocket gopher, Heterogeomys heterodus Hispid pocket gopher, Heterogeomys hispidus Big pocket gopher, Heterogeomys lanius Underwood's pocket gopher, Heterogeomys underwoodi Giant pocket gopher, Orthogeomys grandis and: Oaxacan pocket gopher, Orthogeomys cuniculus Botta's pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae Camas pocket gopher, Thomomys bulbivorus Wyoming pocket gopher, Thomomys clusius Idaho pocket gopher, Thomomys idahoensis Mazama pocket gopher, Thomomys mazama Mountain pocket gopher, Thomomys monticola Nayar pocket gopher, Thomomys nayarensis Northern pocket gopher, Thomomys talpoides Townsend's pocket gopher, Thomomys townsendii Southern pocket gopher, Thomomys umbrinus and: Black-and-brown pocket gopher, Thomomys atrovarius Sierra Madre occidental pocket gopher, Thomomys sheldoni Alcorn's pocket gopher, Pappogeomys alcorni Buller's pocket gopher, Pappogeomys bulleri Michoacan pocket gopher, Zygogeomys trichopus

Heteromyidae

California kangaroo rat, Dipodomys californicus Gulf Coast kangaroo rat, Dipodomys compactus Desert kangaroo rat, Dipodomys deserti Texas kangaroo rat, Dipodomys elator San Quintin kangaroo rat, Dipodomys gravipes Heermann's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys heermanni (Morro Bay kangaroo rat, D. h. morroensis: ) Giant kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ingens Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami (San Bernardino kangaroo rat, D. m. parvus: ) Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys microps Nelson's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys nelsoni Fresno kangaroo rat, Dipodomys nitratoides (Fresno subspecies D. n. exilis and Tipton kangaroo rat, D. n. nitratoides: ) Ord's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii Panamint kangaroo rat, Dipodomys panamintinus Phillips's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys phillipsii and: Plateau kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ornatus Dulzura kangaroo rat, Dipodomys simulans Banner-tailed kangaroo rat, Dipodomys spectabilis Stephens's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys stephensi Narrow-faced kangaroo rat, Dipodomys venustus Big-eared kangaroo rat, Dipodomys (venustus) elephantinus Agile kangaroo rat, Dipodomys agilis Panamanian spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys adspersus Trinidad spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys anomalus Southern spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys australis Desmarest's spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys desmarestianus and: Goldman's spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys goldmani Gaumer's spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys gaumeri Mexican spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys irroratus and: Buller's spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys bulleri Nelson's spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys nelsoni Cloud-dwelling spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys nubicolens Mountain spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys oresterus Painted spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys pictus Salvin's spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys salvini Jaliscan spiny pocket mouse, Heteromys spectabilis Dark kangaroo mouse, Microdipodops megacephalus Pale kangaroo mouse, Microdipodops pallidus White-eared pocket mouse, Perognathus alticola Arizona pocket mouse, Perognathus amplus Olive-backed pocket mouse, Perognathus fasciatus Plains pocket mouse, Perognathus flavescens Silky pocket mouse, Perognathus flavus San Joaquin pocket mouse, Perognathus inornatus Little pocket mouse, Perognathus longimembris (Pacific pocket mouse, P. l. pacificus: ) Merriam's pocket mouse, Perognathus merriami Columbia Plateau pocket mouse, Perognathus parvus and: Great Basin pocket mouse, Perognathus mollipilosus Little desert pocket mouse, Chaetodipus arenarius and: Cerralvo Island pocket mouse, Chaetodipus siccus Narrow-skulled pocket mouse, Chaetodipus artus Bailey's pocket mouse, Chaetodipus baileyi California pocket mouse, Chaetodipus californicus Nelson's pocket mouse, Chaetodipus nelsoni and: Highland coarse-haired pocket mouse, Chaetodipus collis Dalquest's pocket mouse, Chaetodipus ammophilus and: Dalquest's pocket mouse, Chaetodipus (ammophilus) dalquesti Durango coarse-haired pocket mouse, Chaetodipus durangae