Events Pre-1600 454 – Western Roman Emperor Valentinian III murders his general Flavius Aetius on instigation of eunuch Heraclius and senator Petronius Maximus. 455 – Emperor Avitus enters Italy with a Gallic army and consolidates his power.; 1170 – Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland: The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Anglo-Norman invaders. 1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian leader Caupo of Turaida are killed in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day. 1435 – The Treaty of Arras is promulgated, causing Burgundy to switch sides in the Hundred Years' War.
1601–1900 1745 – A British government army led by Sir John Cope is defeated in less than 15 minutes by the Jacobite forces of Prince Charles Edward Stuart. 1776 – Part of New York City is burned shortly after being occupied by British forces. 1780 – American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold gives the British the plans to West Point. 1792 – French Revolution: The National Convention abolishes the monarchy. 1809 – British Secretary of War Lord Castlereagh and Foreign Secretary George Canning meet in a duel on Putney Heath, with Castlereagh wounding Canning in the thigh.Hunt, Giles. The Duel: Castlereagh, Canning and Deadly Cabinet Rivalry. Bloomsbury Academic, 2008. p. 137 1814 – War of 1812: British forces abandon their unsuccessful siege of Fort Erie. 1843 – The crew of schooner Ancud, led by John Williams Wilson, takes possession of the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the Chilean government. 1860 – Second Opium War: An Anglo-French force defeats Chinese troops at the Battle of Palikao. 1862 – Taiping Rebellion: The Ever Victorious Army defeats Taiping forces at the Battle of Cixi. 1896 – Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan: British forces under the command of Horatio Kitchener take Dongola. 1898 – Empress Dowager Cixi seizes power and ends the Hundred Days' Reform in China.
1901–present 1921 – A storage silo in Oppau, Germany, explodes, killing 500–600 people. 1933 – Salvador Lutteroth establishes Mexican professional wrestling. 1934 – A large typhoon hits western Honshū, Japan, killing more than 3,000 people. 1937 – J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit is published for the first time. (September 22 is celebrated by some fans as Hobbit Day, however.) 1938 – The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island in New York. The death toll is estimated at 500–700 people. 1939 – Romanian prime minister Armand Călinescu is assassinated by the Iron Guard. 1942 – The Holocaust in Ukraine: On the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, Nazis send over 1,000 Jews from Pidhaitsi to Bełżec extermination camp. 1942 – The Holocaust in Ukraine: In Dunaivtsi, Ukraine, Nazis murder 2,588 Jews. 1942 – The Holocaust in Poland: At the end of Yom Kippur, Germans order Jews to permanently move from Konstantynów to Biała Podlaska. 1942 – The Boeing B-29 Superfortress makes its maiden flight. 1953 – Lieutenant No Kum-sok, a North Korean pilot, defects to South Korea with his jet fighter. 1957 – Pamir, a four-masted barque, was shipwrecked and sank off the Azores during Hurricane Carrie.Hauke Goos. "Die Seelenverkäufer" (in German) - Der Spiegel, 25/2007, pp. 86–95 1964 – Malta gains independence from the United Kingdom, but remains in the Commonwealth. 1964 – The North American XB-70 Valkyrie, the world's fastest bomber, makes its maiden flight from Palmdale, California. 1965 – The Gambia, Maldives and Singapore are admitted as members of the United Nations. 1969 – Mexicana de Aviación Flight 801, a Boeing 727-100 passenger plane, crashes during a landing attempt in Mexico City, killing 27 of the 118 occupants. 1971 – Bahrain, Bhutan and Qatar join the United Nations. 1972 – Philippine president Ferdinand Marcos begins authoritarian rule by declaring martial law. 1976 – Orlando Letelier is assassinated in Washington, D.C. by Michael Townley, linked to the National Intelligence Directorate of Chile. 1976 – Seychelles joins the United Nations. 1977 – Malév Flight 203 crashes near Urziceni, Romania, killing 29 people. 1981 – Belize is granted full independence from the United Kingdom. 1981 – Sandra Day O'Connor is unanimously approved by the U.S. Senate as the first female Supreme Court justice. 1984 – Brunei joins the United Nations. 1991 – Armenia gains independence from the Soviet Union. 1993 – Russian president Boris Yeltsin triggers a constitutional crisis when he suspends parliament and scraps the constitution. 1993 – A Transair Georgian Airlines Tu-134 is shot down by a missile in the Black Sea near Sokhumi, Georgia. 1995 – MIAT Flight 557 crashes near Mörön, Mongolia, killing 41 people. 1996 – The Defense of Marriage Act is passed by the United States Congress. 1997 – St. Olaf's Church, a stone church from the 16th century in Tyrvää, Finland, is burnt down by a burglar. 1999 – The 7.7-magnitude Chi-Chi earthquake strikes central Taiwan, killing 2,400 people. 2001 – America: A Tribute to Heroes is broadcast by over 35 network and cable channels, raising over $200 million for the victims of the September 11 attacks. 2001 – Ross Parker is murdered in Peterborough, England, by a gang of ten British Pakistani youths. 2003 – The Galileo spacecraft is terminated by sending it into Jupiter's atmosphere. 2012 – Three Egyptian militants open fire on a group of Israeli soldiers in a southern Israel cross-border attack. 2013 – Al-Shabaab Islamic militants attack the Westgate shopping mall in Kenya, killing at least 67 people. 2015 – Adventist Health System agreed to pay $118.7 million to settle allegations of fraud. It was the largest a hospital network has ever paid. 2018 – LGBT rights activist Zak Kostopoulos is beaten to death on a busy street in Athens. 2019 – A 5.6 Mw earthquake shakes the Albanian port of Durrës. Forty-nine people are injured in the capital, Tirana.
Births Pre-1600 580 – Pope Vitalian (died 672) 953 – Abu Ishaq Ibrahim, Buyid prince 1051 – Bertha of Savoy (died 1087) 1371 – Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg (died 1440) 1407 – Leonello d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara, Italian noble (died 1450) 1411 – Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, English politician, Lord Protector of England (died 1460) 1415 – Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1493) 1428 – Jingtai Emperor of China (died 1457) 1433 – Guillaume Fichet, French scholar and academic (died 1480) 1452 – Girolamo Savonarola, Italian priest and philosopher (died 1498) 1457 – Hedwig Jagiellon, Duchess of Bavaria, Polish princess (died 1502) 1552 – Barbara Longhi, Italian painter (died 1638) 1559 – Cigoli, Italian painter and architect (died 1613)
1601–1900 1629 – Philip Howard, English cardinal (died 1694) 1640 – Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, younger son of Louis XIII of France and his wife (died 1701) 1645 – Louis Jolliet, Canadian explorer (died 1700) 1706 – Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg (died 1735) 1758 – Christopher Gore, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 8th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1827) 1760 – Ivan Dmitriev, Russian poet and politician, Minister of Justice for Imperial Russia (died 1837) 1761 – Antoine Barnave, French politician and orator (died 1793) 1776 – John Fitchett, English poet (died 1838) 1819 – Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of Artois (died 1864) 1840 – Murad V, Ottoman sultan (died 1904) 1842 – Abdul Hamid II, 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (died 1918) 1846 – Mihály Kolossa, Hungarian-Slovene author and poet (died 1906) 1849 – Maurice Barrymore, American actor (died 1905) 1851 – Fanny Searls, American biologist (died 1939) 1853 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1926) 1859 – Francesc Macià, Catalan colonel and politician, 122nd President of Catalonia (died 1933) 1862 – James E. Talmage, English-American religious leader and author (died 1933) 1863 – John Bunny, American actor (died 1915) 1866 – Charles Nicolle, French-Tunisian microbiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1936) 1866 – H. G. Wells, English novelist, historian, and critic (died 1946) 1867 – Charles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe, English politician, 4th Governor-General of New Zealand (died 1958) 1867 – Henry L. Stimson, American colonel, lawyer, and politician, 46th United States Secretary of State (died 1950) 1872 – Henry Tingle Wilde, English chief officer on the RMS Titanic (died 1912) 1873 – Papa Jack Laine, American drummer and bandleader (died 1966) 1874 – Gustav Holst, English composer and educator (died 1934) 1878 – Peter McWilliam, Scottish-English footballer and manager (died 1951) 1882 – Geevarghese Ivanios, Indian metropolitan (died 1953) 1884 – Dénes Kőnig, Hungarian mathematician and theorist (died 1944) 1890 – Max Immelmann, German lieutenant and pilot (died 1916) 1890 – Charles William Train, English sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (died 1965) 1893 – Erna Scheffler, German lawyer and justice of the Federal Constitutional Court (died 1983) 1894 – Anton Piëch, Austrian lawyer and businessman (died 1952) 1898 – Frances Mary Albrier, American civil rights activist (died 1987) 1899 – Frederick Coutts, Scottish 8th General of The Salvation Army (died 1986)
1901–present 1902 – Luis Cernuda, Spanish poet and critic (died 1963) 1902 – Allen Lane, English publisher, founded Penguin Books (died 1970) 1902 – Howie Morenz, Canadian ice hockey player (died 1937) 1903 – Preston Tucker, American engineer and businessman, designed the Tucker Sedan (died 1956) 1904 – Hans Hartung, German-French painter (died 1989) 1905 – Robert Lebel, Canadian businessman and politician (died 1999) 1906 – Henry Beachell, American biologist and botanist (died 2006) 1909 – Kwame Nkrumah, Ghanaian educator and politician, 1st President of Ghana (died 1972) 1910 – Meinrad Schütter, Swiss composer (died 2006) 1912 – Chuck Jones, American animator, producer, and screenwriter (died 2002) 1912 – György Sándor, Hungarian pianist and composer (died 2005) 1916 – Françoise Giroud, Swiss-French journalist and politician, French Minister of Culture (died 2003) 1917 – Phyllis Nicolson, English mathematician and academic (died 1968) 1918 – John Gofman, American physicist, chemist, and biologist (died 2007) 1918 – Karl Slover, American actor (died 2011) 1918 – Juan José Arreola, Mexican writer and academic (died 2001) 1919 – Mario Bunge, Argentinian-Canadian physicist and philosopher (died 2020) 1919 – Herman Fowlkes, Jr., American trumpet player and educator (died 1993) 1919 – Fazlur Rahman Malik, Pakistani philosopher and scholar (died 1988) 1920 – Kenneth McAlpine, British race car driver (died 2023) 1921 – John McHale, American baseball player and manager (died 2008) 1923 – Fred Hunt, British jazz pianist (died 1986) 1924 – Hermann Buhl, Austrian mountaineer (died 1957) 1926 – Don Dunstan, Fijian-Australian lawyer and politician, 35th Premier of South Australia (died 1999) 1926 – Donald A. Glaser, American physicist and neurobiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013) 1926 – Fereydoon Moshiri, Iranian poet and critic (died 2000) 1929 – Sándor Kocsis, Hungarian footballer and manager (died 1979) 1929 – Edgar Valter, Estonian author and illustrator (died 2006) 1929 – Bernard Williams, English-Italian philosopher and academic (died 2003) 1930 – John Morgan, Welsh-Canadian actor and screenwriter (died 2004) 1930 – Bob Stokoe, English footballer and manager (died 2004) 1931 – Larry Hagman, American actor, director, and producer (died 2012) 1932 – Shirley Conran, English journalist and author (died 2024) 1932 – Marjorie Fletcher, English Director of the Women's Royal Naval Service (died 2008) 1932 – Don Preston, American keyboard player and composer 1933 – Allan Jeans, Australian footballer and coach (died 2011) 1933 – Dick Simon, American race car driver 1934 – Leonard Cohen, Canadian singer-songwriter and poet (died 2016) 1934 – María Rubio, Mexican actress (died 2018) 1935 – Jimmy Armfield, English footballer and manager (died 2018) 1935 – Henry Gibson, American actor (died 2009)