Women in the 39th Canadian Parliament

Upon the dissolution of the 39th Canadian Parliament, 65 of the 308 seats (21.1 per cent) were held by women. Canada ranks 45th in the world in representation of women in the national lower house.

There were 64 women elected to Parliament in the 2006 election, and the victory of Bloc Québécois MP Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac in a byelection on September 17, 2007 brought the number to 65. This matched but did not exceed the all-time record of 65 female MPs elected in the 2004 election, and the number of women in the House returned to 64 with the resignation of Lucienne Robillard on January 25, 2008.

It nominally increased to a record 66 with the by-election wins of Martha Hall Findlay and Joyce Murray on March 17, 2008, although the resignation of Brenda Chamberlain from the House effective April 7, 2008 reduced the number of women back to 65 just one week after Findlay and Murray were sworn in as MPs.

General notes

Fifteen of the 65 female MPs in the 39th Parliament, or 23.4 per cent, were elected for the first time in the 2006 election. The longest-serving female MPs were the Liberals Albina Guarnieri and Diane Marleau, both elected for the first time in the 1988 election. (New Democrat Dawn Black was also elected for the first time in that election; defeated in the 1993 election, she won her seat back in the 2006 election.)

From Confederation to the end of the 39th Parliament, a total of 193 female MPs sat in the House of Commons of Canada, 4.79 per cent of the 4,023 total MPs ever to serve. The 65 female MPs upon dissolution of the 39th Parliament constitute 33.6 per cent of this total.

The percentage of women in the House has remained more or less stable since 1993.

By province

ProvinceNumber of women MPsNumber of seatsPercentage of women Newfoundland and Labrador 0 7 0% Nova Scotia 1 11 9.1% Prince Edward Island 0 4 0% New Brunswick 0 10 0% Quebec 23 75 30.6% Ontario 23 106 21.7% Manitoba 4 14 28.6% Saskatchewan 2 14 14.3% Alberta 2 28 7.1% British Columbia 10 36 27.7% Territories 1 3 33.3% Totals 65 308 21.1%

By party

Women were 23.3 per cent of all candidates in the 2006 election, and 24.8 per cent of candidates from the parties that won representation in Parliament.

The NDP nominated the largest proportion of women: more than a third of all New Democratic candidates were women, and nearly a third of all female candidates in the election were New Democrats. Furthermore, the NDP ended up with a higher proportion of women in its caucus than women candidates, meaning it ran women in ridings they could win – 18.8% of female MPs are New Democrats while the NDP holds only 9.4% of the seats in the House. As of 2007, the 12 women and 18 men currently sitting as New Democrats constitute the most gender-balanced party caucus ever elected to the Canadian House of Commons by a party with official party status.

However, it was with the Bloc Québécois that women candidates had the highest chance of winning: nearly three quarters of female Bloc candidates were elected. (As the Bloc runs candidates only in Quebec, the election of 50 Bloc MPs meant that any Bloc candidate had a 66.6% chance of winning.) 26.6% of female MPs are Bloquistes, while the Bloc holds only 16.2% of the seats.

As for the winning party, only 12% of Conservative candidates were women, and 11% of Conservative MPs are women, a total of fourteen; 21.5% of female MPs are Tories in a House that is 40.6% Conservative.

PartyNumber of female candidatesNumber of candidatesPercentage of candidates who are womenPercentage of women candidates to be electedCurrent number of female MPsCurrent number of MPsPercentage of women Conservative 38 308 12.3% 36.8% 14 126 11.1% Liberal 79 308 25.6% 26.6% 21 96 21.8% Bloc Québécois 23 75 30.7% 73.91% 18 49 36.7% NDP 108 308 35.1% 11.1% 12 30 40.0% 72 308 23.4% 0% 0 1 0% Other 60 327 18.3% 0% 1 3 33.3% Totals 380 1 634 23.3% 16.8% 65 308 21.1%

Cabinet

The 27-member Cabinet contains six women ministers (22%), including one senator.

Of the 25 parliamentary secretaries, five (20%) are women.

Ten of the fourteen female government MPs (71%) are ministers or parliamentary secretaries.

Senate

The 105-seat Senate currently has 90 sitting senators, of whom 32 (35.5%) are women. Stephen Harper has only made two Senate appointments to date, both men (Michael Fortier and Bert Brown). The previous prime minister, Paul Martin, made 17 Senate appointments, of whom six (35.3%) were women.

Two current Senators are members of the Cabinet; as noted above, one of them is a woman, Marjory LeBreton.

NamePartyProvince (Division)Raynell AndreychukConservativeSaskatchewanLise BaconLiberalQuebec (De la Durantaye)Catherine CallbeckLiberalPrince Edward IslandPat CarneyConservativeBritish ColumbiaSharon CarstairsLiberalManitobaAndrée ChampagneConservativeQuebec (Grandville)Maria ChaputLiberalManitobaEthel CochraneConservativeNewfoundland and LabradorJoan CookLiberalNewfoundland and LabradorAnne CoolsIndependentOntario (Toronto-Centre-York)Jane CordyLiberalNova ScotiaLillian DyckIndependent NDPSaskatchewan (North Battleford)Joyce FairbairnLiberalAlberta (Lethbridge)Joan FraserLiberalQuebec (De Lorimier)Céline Hervieux-PayetteLiberalQuebec (Bedford)Libbe HubleyLiberalPrince Edward IslandMobina JafferLiberalBritish ColumbiaJanis JohnsonConservativeManitoba (Winnipeg - Interlake)Marjory LeBretonConservativeOntarioRose-Marie Losier-CoolLiberalNew Brunswick (Tracadie)Sandra Lovelace NicholasLiberalNew BrunswickElaine McCoyProgressive ConservativeAlberta (Calgary)Pana MerchantLiberalSaskatchewanLorna MilneLiberalOntario (Peel County)Lucie PépinLiberalQuebec (Shawinigan)Marie PoulinLiberalOntarioVivienne PoyLiberalOntario (Toronto)Pierrette RinguetteLiberalNew BrunswickNancy RuthConservativeOntario (Toronto)Mira SpivakIndependentManitoba (Manitoba)Claudette TardifLiberalAlberta (Edmonton)Marilyn Trenholme CounsellLiberalNew Brunswick

List of women MPs by province

Note: † indicates a cabinet minister, and * indicates a parliamentary secretary.

Newfoundland and Labrador

None

Nova Scotia NamePartyRiding Alexa McDonough NDP Halifax

Prince Edward Island

None

New Brunswick

None

Quebec NamePartyRiding Vivian Barbot Bloc Québécois Papineau France Bonsant Bloc Québécois Compton—Stanstead Sylvie Boucher* Conservative Beauport—Limoilou Diane Bourgeois Bloc Québécois Terrebonne—Blainville Paule Brunelle Bloc Québécois Trois-Rivières Claude DeBellefeuille Bloc Québécois Beauharnois—Salaberry Nicole Demers Bloc Québécois Laval Johanne Deschamps Bloc Québécois Laurentides—Labelle Meili Faille Bloc Québécois Vaudreuil—Soulanges Raymonde Folco Liberal Laval—Les Îles Carole Freeman Bloc Québécois Châteauguay—Saint-Constant Christiane Gagnon Bloc Québécois Québec Monique Guay Bloc Québécois Rivière-du-Nord Marlene Jennings Liberal Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine Francine Lalonde Bloc Québécois La Pointe-de-l'Île Carole Lavallée Bloc Québécois Saint-Bruno—Saint-Hubert Maria Mourani Bloc Québécois Ahuntsic Pauline Picard Bloc Québécois Drummond Lucienne Robillard ‡ Liberal Westmount—Ville-Marie Caroline St-Hilaire Bloc Québécois Longueuil—Pierre-Boucher Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac ‡ Bloc Québécois Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot Louise Thibault Independent Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques Josée Verner† Conservative Louis-Saint-Laurent

‡ Ève-Mary Thaï Thi Lac was elected to the House in a by-election on September 17, 2007. Lucienne Robillard resigned from the House on January 25, 2008.

Ontario NamePartyRiding Sue Barnes Liberal London West Colleen Beaumier Liberal Brampton West Carolyn Bennett Liberal St. Paul's Bonnie Brown Liberal Oakville Brenda Chamberlain ‡ Liberal Guelph Chris Charlton NDP Hamilton Mountain Olivia Chow NDP Trinity—Spadina Pat Davidson Conservative Sarnia—Lambton Ruby Dhalla Liberal Brampton—Springdale Diane Finley† Conservative Haldimand—Norfolk Cheryl Gallant Conservative Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke Albina Guarnieri Liberal Mississauga East—Cooksville Helena Guergis* Conservative Simcoe—Grey Martha Hall Findlay ‡ Liberal Willowdale Susan Kadis Liberal Thornhill Diane Marleau Liberal Sudbury Irene Mathyssen NDP London—Fanshawe Maria Minna Liberal Beaches—East York Peggy Nash NDP Parkdale—High Park Bev Oda† Conservative Durham Yasmin Ratansi Liberal Don Valley East Karen Redman Liberal Kitchener Centre Judy Sgro Liberal York West Belinda Stronach Liberal Newmarket—Aurora

‡ Martha Hall Findlay was elected to the House in a by-election on March 17, 2008. Brenda Chamberlain has announced her resignation from the House effective April 7, 2008.

Manitoba NamePartyRiding Tina Keeper Liberal Churchill Anita Neville Liberal Winnipeg South Centre Joy Smith Conservative Kildonan—St. Paul Judy Wasylycia-Leis NDP Winnipeg North

Saskatchewan NamePartyRiding Carol Skelton† Conservative Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar Lynne Yelich* Conservative Blackstrap

Alberta NamePartyRiding Diane Ablonczy* Conservative Calgary—Nose Hill Rona Ambrose† Conservative Edmonton—Spruce Grove

British Columbia NamePartyRiding Catherine Bell NDP Vancouver Island North Dawn Black NDP New Westminster—Coquitlam Jean Crowder NDP Nanaimo—Cowichan Libby Davies NDP Vancouver East Hedy Fry Liberal Vancouver Centre Nina Grewal Conservative Fleetwood—Port Kells Betty Hinton* Conservative Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo Joyce Murray ‡ Liberal Vancouver Quadra Penny Priddy NDP Surrey North Denise Savoie NDP Victoria

‡ Joyce Murray was elected to the House in a by-election on March 17, 2008.

Territories NamePartyRiding Nancy Karetak-Lindell Liberal Nunavut

See also Women in the 40th Canadian Parliament Women in Canadian politics Women in Canadian provincial and territorial legislatures

External links Women in Parliament - Parliament of Canada Current lists of women in the House of Commons - Parliament of Canada Historical lists of women in the House of Commons - Parliament of Canada