Brandon () is the second-largest city in the province of Manitoba, Canada. It is located on the banks of the Assiniboine River in Western Manitoba, approximately west of the provincial capital, Winnipeg, and east of the Saskatchewan provincial border. The city covers an area of with a population of 51,313, and a census metropolitan area population of 54,268. Brandon is the primary commercial centre for the Westman Region and parts of southeastern Saskatchewan, a trading area with a population of more than 190,000 people.
The City of Brandon was incorporated in 1882, having a history rooted in the Assiniboine River fur trade as well as its role as a major junction on the Canadian Pacific Railway. Known as The Wheat City, Brandon's economy is predominantly associated with agriculture, alongside major sectors in education, food processing, manufacturing, health care, business services, and transportation.
Brandon's post-secondary institutions include Brandon University, Assiniboine College, and the Manitoba Emergency Services College. Canadian Forces Base Shilo is located east of Brandon and maintains close ties with the city. Brandon's Keystone Centre is one of the largest consolidated entertainment, recreation, convention, and agriculture complexes in Canada, and is the home of the Brandon Wheat Kings and the Royal Manitoba Winter Fair.
History Prior to the influx of people from Eastern Canada, the area around Brandon was primarily used by the Sioux people, the Bungays, the Yellow Quills, and the Bird Tails. In the 1870s and early 1880s, the Plains Bison were nearly wiped out by over-hunting. With the destruction of their staff of life, the buffalo, the nomadic Sioux people began to agree to settle in reservations such as the Sioux Valley Dakota Nation, or left the area entirely.
French Canadians also passed through the area on river boats on their way to the Hudson Bay Post, Fort Ellice located near present-day St. Lazare, Manitoba. The city of Brandon gets its name from the Blue Hills south of the city, which got their name from a Hudson's Bay trading post known as Brandon House, which got its name from a hill on an island in James Bay where Captain James had anchored his ship in 1631.
During the 1870s it was believed by most that the transcontinental railway would take a northwesterly direction from Portage la Prairie. Many thought that the route would most likely go through either Minnedosa or Rapid City, Manitoba because they were both located at natural river crossings. Rapid City was the front runner for the site of the new railway and had prepared for the impending building boom accordingly. But suddenly, in 1881, the builders of the railway decided to take a more westerly route from Winnipeg, towards Grand Valley. Grand Valley was located on the northern side of the Assiniboine, opposite the side of the river where present-day Brandon sits.
Grand Valley was originally settled by two brothers John and Dougal McVicar, and their families. With the expectation of the new railway, settlers and prospectors now rushed to an area they had previously avoided. Around 1879 a few settlers led by Reverend George Roddick had begun to build their new homes about south of Grand Valley, at the foot of the Brandon Hills.
Meanwhile, in Grand Valley with the promise of the railway, the town began to boom. Regular voyages were made by steam sternwheelers to the city, each bringing more and more settlers. In the spring of 1881, General Thomas L. Rosser, Chief Engineer of the Canadian Pacific Railway arrived in Grand Valley. It was Rosser's job to choose the townsites for the railway. Rosser approached Dougald McVicar of Grand Valley and offered him $25,000 () for the railway in Grand Valley. McVicar countered with $50,000 to which Rosser replied that "I'll be damned if a town of any kind is ever built here". So instead Rosser crossed the Assiniboine river and built the site of the railway on the high sandy south of the River, west of Grand Valley. So the site was then moved to a site just west of today's current First Street bridge in Brandon. A shanty had been built there by a man named J.D. Adamson, and it was on this quarter section Adamson claimed that Rosser chose as the townsite for the CPR Railway and named Brandon. After the location of the railway was once again changed, there was still hope that Grand Valley could become a rival neighbour to Brandon. But late in June 1881 it became clear that Grand Valley would not have lasted as a city long term. A flood hit in late June, and as the city was built on a low-lying part of the river, flooded quickly and dramatically. Because Grand Valley was built on a low flood plain, and Brandon was built on the heights on the other side, it became apparent that Brandon was the best place for a city in the area.
Rosser had chosen Brandon as the townsite in May 1881, within a year settlers had flocked to Brandon in such numbers that it was incorporated as a city. Brandon never spent any time as a town or village but has only existed as a city.
An internment camp was set up at the Exhibition Building in Brandon from September 1914 to July 1916. Post World War II, Brandon experienced a minor disaster when an explosion at the Manitoba Power Commission's steam plant caused the 40 metre (130 ft) brick chimney to collapse, killing two workers in the process.
Geography
Brandon is located in south-western Manitoba, on the banks of the Assiniboine river. It is located in the Canadian Prairies and resides in the aspen parkland ecoregion of the prairies. The terrain is generally flat and rolling surrounding Brandon, and there is a large valley located within the city. The Brandon hills are located to the southeast, from which Brandon got its name. Brandon is west of the provincial capital, Winnipeg; and east of the Saskatchewan border.
Climate Brandon has a dry continental climate (Köppen Dfb, USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 2b) with warm, sometimes hot summers and cold, dry winters. Mean maximum daytime temperatures range from in July to in January. Brandon has a fairly dry climate, with of precipitation annually, and as such is located in the Palliser's Triangle region of the Prairies. There is measurable rainfall on 72.2 days throughout the year, and 54.1 days with snowfall. Snow falls from October to April; however, snow has fallen as late as May and as early as September. The highest temperature ever recorded in Brandon was on 11 July 1936, during the 1936 North American heat wave. The lowest temperature ever recorded was on 1 February 1893.
General seasons Winter: November to March Spring: April to May Summer: June to August Fall: September to October
Demographics
Ethnic origins 2016PopulationPercentageEnglish13,58528.6Scottish11,72024.6Canadian10,65022.4Irish8,21017.3Ukrainian6,75514.2German6,36013.4French4,6709.8First Nations4,0258.5Polish3,1106.5Métis2,7955.9
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Brandon had a population of 51,313 living in 21,203 of its 22,526 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 48,883. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
The median age is 36.3 years old which is almost 5 years younger than the national average at 41.2 years old. There are 22,526 dwellings in Brandon with an occupancy rate of 94.1%, and the median cost of a dwelling at $264,781, much lower than the national average at $341,556.
As far as education goes, for those between 25 and 64 years old, 57.0% have a post-secondary schooling degree, 29.8% have a high school degree (or equivalent) and 13.2% have no certificates, diplomas or degrees. The unemployment rate is 7.3% in Brandon, lower than the national average at 7.7%. The median household income before taxes is $65,960, and after taxes at $57,008.
As of 2016, 88.8% of Brandon's residents are Canadian citizens. About 5.5% of residents are recent immigrants (from 2011 to 2016).
Ethnicity Brandon is 70.1% white, 16.3% visible minorities and 13.6% aboriginal. The largest visible minority groups in Brandon are Latin American (5.0%), Chinese (3.8%), South Asian (3.0%), Black (2.1%) and Filipino (1.1%).
+ Panethnic groups in the City of Brandon (2001–2021)Panethnic group20212016201120062001 European 32,115 33,295 34,685 35,105 34,260 Indigenous 7,075 6,500 5,040 3,995 3,725 African 2,855 1,000 540 270 260 South Asian 2,570 1,430 430 360 130 Latin American 2,095 2,370 1,965 425 60 East Asian 1,635 1,965 1,585 270 300 Southeast Asian 980 620 430 210 150 Middle Eastern 135 150 110 20 15 Other/multiracial 275 245 100 50 55 Total responses 49,840 47,560 44,885 40,705 38,940 Total population 51,313 48,883 46,061 41,511 39,716
Language The 2021 census found that English was the mother tongue of 80.6% of the population. The next most common mother tongues were Spanish (4.2%), Gujarati (2.8%), Mandarin (2.0%), French (1.4%), Tagalog (1.2%), Ukrainian (1.1%), Punjabi (0.9%), German (0.7%), Cantonese (0.7%), Amharic (0.7%), Yoruba (0.4%), Russian (0.4%), Tigrigna (0.4%), Arabic (0.3%), Cree (0.2%), Hindi (0.2%), Korean (0.2%), and Urdu (0.2%).
Education
Public schools in Brandon are governed by the Brandon School Division. There are approximately 7,200 students, 900 staff, 22 schools and a budget exceeding $50 million.Brandon School Division#40 "Quick Facts" There are four high schools: Vincent Massey High School, Crocus Plains Regional Secondary School, and Neelin High School, and Prairie Hope High School (formerly BSD Off-Campus). Brandon is also home to three post-secondary institutions: Brandon University, Assiniboine College, as well as the Manitoba Emergency Services College.
Sports
Local teams Brandon University Bobcats (Basketball/CWUAA) Brandon University Bobcats (Volleyball/CWUAA) Brandon Wheat Kings (Hockey/Western Hockey League)
Major sporting events The Brier – Canadian Men's Curling Championship (1963, 1982, 2019) U-18 Baseball World Cup – International U-18 Baseball Competition (1991, 1994) The Scott Tournament of Hearts – Canadian Women's Curling Championship (1993, 2002) World Curling Championship – Men's & Women's World Curling Championship (1995) Canadian Olympic Curling Trials – Men's & Women's Olympic Curling Trials (1997) Canada Winter Games – Canada Winter Games (1979) Canada Summer Games – Canada Summer Games (1997) Special Olympics Canada – Canada Special Olympics Summer Games (2006) Memorial Cup – MasterCard Memorial Cup (2010) U Sports Men's Volleyball Championship (2025)
Sports venues Keystone Centre Brandon Community Sportsplex Andrews Field Ashley Neufeld Softball Complex Canada Packers Sports Complex
Infrastructure Downtown Brandon is full of 20th century architecture with a skyline of brick buildings. The most notable are the old McKenzie Seeds building, Brandon Central Fire Station building and the Brandon Court House. The two tallest buildings in downtown Brandon are Scotia Tower,(tallest) and Park Towers
Transportation
Brandon is serviced by Brandon Municipal Airport, with daily passenger flights to and from Calgary (YYC). Rider Express provide intercity bus service to and from Brandon from 70 Canadian locations. The Brandon Air Shuttle provide bus service to the Winnipeg Airport four times a day. Taxi service is available from numerous local taxi companies. The city of Brandon runs Brandon Transit, which provides daily bus service throughout the city, with 10 routes that operate seven days a week. Brandon has a system of walking/bike trails throughout the city. The Canadian Pacific Railway runs through Brandon; the station is a historic landmark. Cando Rail & Terminals is headquartered in Brandon.
Hospitals The city is served by Brandon Regional Health Centre. The 300 bed hospital is the largest in the Westman Region.
Utilities