Wilmer Cable Butler, ASC (April 7, 1921 – April 5, 2023) was an American cinematographer, known for his contributions to the New Hollywood movement. He had notable collaborations with directors Francis Ford Coppola, Steven Spielberg, William Friedkin, and Ivan Reitman. His most notable films included The Conversation (1974), Jaws (1975), Grease (1978), and three Rocky sequels.

He was nominated for an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for his work on One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), which he completed after original cinematographer Haskell Wexler was fired from the production. He was also a two-time Primetime Emmy Award winner.

Early life and education Wilmer Cable ButlerBill Butler was born on April 7, 1921, in Cripple Creek, Colorado.Bill Butler biography at The New York Times Butler spent the first five years of his life living in a log cabin on a homestead in Colorado, where his parents were farmers. He moved with his parents to Henry County when he was 5 years old and raised in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, a small college town. He graduated from Mount Pleasant High School in 1940.

During World War II, Butler served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps, working as a signal caller due to his background with high frequency electronics.Remembering Bill Butler, the Mount Pleasant native and cinematographer that changed cinema The Hawk Eye. Retrieved March 11, 2024.The Life of Bill Butler Prezi. Retrieved March 11, 2024. However, he was discharged when an untreated hernia was discovered. Butler then graduated with a degree in engineering from the University of Iowa.

Early career Butler began his career as an engineer at a radio station in Gary, Indiana. He subsequently moved to Chicago, where he helped design and build the first television stations at the ABC affiliate and later at WGN-TV. When WGN went on the air, Butler operated a live video camera for commercials and for locally produced programs. At his tenure with WGN, Butler met William Friedkin.

Friedkin asked Butler to be his cinematographer on The People vs. Paul Crump, a documentary that focused on a prisoner who was slated for execution in Illinois. It was a docudrama that resulted in the governor of Illinois commuting the prisoner's death sentence. "I was very successful in television, so I had no reason to go into film," Butler said. "But I knew Bill Friedkin was interested in making a film documentary, and he needed a cinematographer. He asked me to assist him. And I did." As a result, Butler's interest shifted from live television to film documentaries. In a 2005 interview, Butler credited Friedkin with giving him his first actual job in the film industry.

Cinematography Butler earned his first narrative credit in Chicago in 1967 for Fearless Frank, a low-budget feature directed by Philip Kaufman. Two years later, Butler shot The Rain People (1969) for Francis Ford Coppola, who was introduced to him by Friedkin. Butler moved to Los Angeles in 1970.

"I did some work with director Phil Kaufman on the Universal Studios lot as a writer while I was still trying to get into the Los Angeles camera guild," Butler recalled. "That's when I met Steven Spielberg." Butler would then take charge of cinematography for two of Spielberg's earliest films, Something Evil (1972) and Savage (1973). That same year, he shot second unit and additional footage for Coppola's The Godfather and Deliverance.

Other films which Butler served as the director of photography include The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings (1976), Grease (1978) and installments two, three, and four of Rocky. Butler was also the cinematographer for Demon Seed (1977), as well as Capricorn One (1977),Stripes (1981), Biloxi Blues (1988), Child's Play (1988), Graffiti Bridge (1990), Flipper (1996), Anaconda (1997) and Deceiver (1997). His television credits include The Execution of Private Slovik (1974), Raid on Entebbe (1977), and The Thorn Birds (1983).

Butler was scheduled to have made his directorial debut in January 1979 with Adrift & Beyond, but it never came to fruition. Butler turned down Coppola's offer to direct the photography for Apocalypse Now (1979). Butler has worked in films during the 2000s, such as Frailty (2002) and Funny Money (2006). Bill Paxton, the director of the former film, said, "I was excited when Bill Butler who was the cinematographer on such classic films as Jaws and The Conversation came aboard as my director of photography for Frailty. And I really picked his brain, always asking 'how did you do this shot?' and 'how did you figure that out?'" Bill Butler recounted his initial conversations with Paxton about the script: "I liked the direction he wanted to take, and he inspired me to share his vision. It was a great collaboration."

Butler is also notable for being a replacement to Haskell Wexler on two occasions: The Conversation (1974; also directed by Coppola) and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975). The latter earned him his first and only Academy Award nomination.

Butler was named KODAK Cinematographer in Residence at the University of Arizona (Department of Media Arts) in 2006.

Jaws Butler had heard that Spielberg was preparing to shoot Jaws (1975), mainly on Martha's Vineyard in Massachusetts. "I said, 'I hear you're making a movie about a fish,'" Butler recalled. After they joked for a few minutes, Spielberg asked Butler if he was interested.

Butler's crew included Michael Chapman as camera operator. When they arrived on Martha's Vineyard, Butler showed Spielberg how he could brace a handheld Panaflex camera and take the roll out of the boat rocking on the waves with his knees instead of using a 400-lb gimbal. Spielberg embraced the idea. "About 90% of the shots on the boat were handheld," Butler says. "Michael was intrigued by the idea and was very good at it. We did things that we probably wouldn't have tried without the lightweight camera. Michael even climbed the mast and shot from the top straight down. We also put him in a small boat."

During the production of Jaws, Butler spent most of his time on the picture in the water with Spielberg. Butler created a special camera platform that worked with the water to accommodate both "below the water line" and "surface" shots quickly. To handle the longer surface shots the film required, Butler reconfigured the standard "water box" casing used to hold a camera in the water. He also is acknowledged for saving footage from a camera that sank into the ocean, having claimed sea water is similar to saline-based developing solutions. "We got on an airplane with the film in a bucket of water, took it to New York and developed it. We didn't lose a foot," said Butler.

Butler also created a pontoon camera raft with a waterproof housing that achieved those trademark water level shots that gave a point of view from the shark fin. To stop water drops hitting the lens, Butler used the Panavision Spray Deflector that saw an optical glass spin at high speed to deflect the drops except for the 4th of July beach stampede where the water-lens interface adds to the panic.

Butler originally envisioned the look of Jaws to start in bright, summer sunshine and then become more ominous as the shark hunt goes on. The first half remains a riot of vibrant primary colors. In filming Amity, Butler was inspired by the work of painters such as Edward Hopper and Andrew Wyeth in their view of the United States untainted by urban life.

After the ASC honored him with its Lifetime Achievement Award, Spielberg wrote a letter to Butler acknowledging his award which indicated the director's mutual respect for Butler and his work behind the camera. "You were the calm before, during and after every storm on the set of Jaws," Spielberg wrote in the letter. "Without your zen-like confidence and wonderful sense of humor, I would have gone the way of the rest of the Jaws crew — totally out of my friggin' mind. Congratulations on this well-deserved career achievement award from your peers. All my best, Steven."

Personal life Butler resided in Montana. On June 1, 2014, Butler returned to his hometown of Mount Pleasant for a reception honoring his career.

Butler had five daughters, three from his first marriage to Alma H. Smith, and two, Genevieve and Chelsea, who are both actresses, from his second marriage to Iris Butler.

Death Butler turned 100 on April 7, 2021, and died in Los Angeles on April 5, 2023, aged 101 just two days shy of what would have been his 102nd birthday.

Filmography Film Year Title Director Notes 1967 Fearless Frank Philip Kaufman 1969 The Rain People Francis Ford Coppola 1970 Adam's Woman Philip Leacock1971 Drive, He Said Jack Nicholson The Return of Count Yorga Bob Kelljan1972 Deathmaster Ray DantonThe GodfatherFrancis Ford Coppola2nd unit and additional photography (uncredited) Melinda Hugh A. Robertson Hickey & Boggs Robert CulpDeliveranceJohn Boorman2nd unit photography 1973 Running Wild Robert McCahon 1974 The Conversation Francis Ford CoppolaReplaced Haskell Wexler1975 The Manchu Eagle Murder Caper Mystery Dean Hargrove Jaws Steven Spielberg One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Miloš Forman Replaced Haskell Wexler 1976 Lipstick Lamont Johnson The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings John Badham Alex & the Gypsy John Korty1977 Demon Seed Donald Cammell Capricorn One Peter Hyams1978 Damien - Omen II Don Taylor Grease Randal Kleiser Uncle Joe Shannon Joseph Hanwright Ice Castles Donald Wrye 1979 Rocky II Sylvester Stallone1980 Can't Stop the Music Nancy Walker It's My Turn Claudia Weill 1981 The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia Ronald F. Maxwell Stripes Ivan Reitman 1982 Rocky III Sylvester Stallone 1983 The Sting II Jeremy Kagan 1985 Beer Patrick Kelly Rocky IV Sylvester Stallone1986Legal EaglesIvan ReitmanAdditional photography Big Trouble John Cassavetes1988 Biloxi Blues Mike Nichols Wildfire Zalman King Child's Play Tom Holland 1990 Graffiti Bridge Prince 1991 Hot Shots! Jim Abrahams1993 Sniper Luis Llosa Cop and a Half Henry Winkler Beethoven's 2nd Rod Daniel 1996 Flipper Alan ShapiroMotherAlbert BrooksDirector of photography: San Francisco unit1997 Anaconda Luis Llosa Deceiver Jonas PateJosh Pate 2000 Ropewalk Matt Brown 2001 Frailty Bill Paxton2006 Funny Money Leslie Greif The Plague Hal Masonberg 2007 Redline Andy Cheng 2008 The Chauffeur Jérôme Dassier 2009 Evil Angel Richard Dutcher 2016 The Boys at the Bar

Short films Year Title Director Notes 1968 A Space to Grow Robert O'Donnel Documentary short 2005 Berserker Josh Eckberg 2006 Zombie Prom Vince Marcello 2008 Looking Up Dresses Jared Ingram

Television Year Title Notes 1972–1973 Ghost Story 5 episodes 1975 McCoy Episode: "The Big Ripoff" 1991 Brooklyn Bridge12 episodes 1996 Dark Skies Episode: "The Awakening (Part 1)" 1999 G vs E Episode: "Orange Volvo"TV movies, miniseries, and specials Year Title Director Notes 1962 The People vs. Paul CrumpWilliam FriedkinDocumentary 1965 The Bold Men 1970 A Clear and Present Danger James Goldstone1972Something EvilSteven Spielberg1973Savage Deliver Us from Evil Boris Sagal SunshineJoseph Sargent I Heard the Owl Call My Name Daryl Duke 1974 Indict and Convict Boris Sagal The Execution of Private Slovik Lamont Johnson1975 Target Risk Robert Scheerer Hustling Joseph Sargent Fear on Trial Lamont Johnson 1976 Raid on Entebbe Irvin Kershner 1977 Mary White Jud Taylor 1980 Death Ray 2000 Lee H. Katzin 1981 Killing at Hell's Gate Jerry Jameson1983The Thorn BirdsDaryl Duke 1984 A Streetcar Named Desire John Erman 1987 Bates Motel Richard Rothstein 1989 When We Were Young Daryl Duke 1995 A Walton Wedding Robert Ellis Miller 1997 Don King: Only in America John Herzfeld 1999 Passing Glory Steve James 2000 Hendrix Leon Ichaso with Claudio Chea 2002 Joe and Max Steve James

Awards and nominations