The 7th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1801, to March 4, 1803, during the first two years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1790 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority, except when the Senate held a two-day Special Senate session in order to provide advice to the new President Thomas Jefferson, when there was still a Federalist majority in the Senate.

Major events

March 4, 1801: Thomas Jefferson became President of the United States. May 10, 1801: The pascha of Tripoli declared war on United States by having the flagpole on the consulate chopped down March 16, 1802: West Point established February 24, 1803: First time an Act of Congress was declared unconstitutional: U.S. Supreme Court case, Marbury v. Madison

Major legislation

April 29, 1802: Judiciary Act of 1802, ch. 31, April 30, 1802: Enabling Act of 1802, ch. 40,

States admitted

Ohio was admitted as a state, having previously been a portion of the Northwest Territory. The exact date is unclear and in dispute, but it is undisputed that it was during this Congress. The official date when Ohio became a state was not set until 1953, when the 83rd U.S. Congress passed legislation retrospectively designating the date of the first meeting of the Ohio state legislature, March 1, 1803, as that date. However, on April 30, 1802, the 7th U.S. Congress had passed an act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union." (Sess. 1, ch. 40, ) On February 19, 1803, the same Congress passed an act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio." (Sess. 2, ch. 7, ) The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress states that Ohio was admitted to the Union on November 29, 1802, and counts its seats as vacant from that date.

Party summary The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate The Federalists still controlled the Senate when they held a two-day special Senate session in March 1801, which was called by outgoing President John Adams so that the Senate could provide advice to the new President Thomas Jefferson, but by the time Congress began its first regular session in December 1801 to start official business, the Democratic-Republicans had gained Senate control.

Affiliation Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) Vacant Democratic-Republican Federalist Total End of previous Congress 11 21 32 0 Begin 14 18 32 0 March 5, 1801 17 31 1 May 6, 1801 15 32 0 June 6, 1801 14 31 1 June 12, 1801 16 30 2 June 17, 1801 17 31 1 June 30, 1801 13 30 2 July 13, 1801 14 31 1 September 1, 1801 16 30 2 October 1, 1801 15 31 1 November 19, 1801 16 15 31 1 December 15, 1801 17 32 0 February 5, 1802 16 31 1 February 9, 1802 17 32 0 June 14, 1802 14 31 1 June 17, 1802 15 32 0 October 26, 1802 16 31 1 November 4, 1802 17 32 0 November 29, 1802 32 2 March 2, 1803 14 31 3 Final voting share 54.8% 45.2% Beginning of the next Congress 22 9 31 3

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

President: Aaron Burr (DR) President pro tempore: Abraham Baldwin (DR), first elected December 7, 1801 Stephen R. Bradley (DR), first elected December 14, 1802

House of Representatives Speaker: Nathaniel Macon, (DR), elected December 7, 1801

Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Skip to House of Representatives, below Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1802; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1804; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1806.

Connecticut 1. James Hillhouse (F) 3. Uriah Tracy (F)

Delaware 1. Samuel White (F) 2. William H. Wells (F)

Georgia 2. Abraham Baldwin (DR) 3. James Jackson (DR)

Kentucky 2. John Brown (DR) 3. John Breckinridge (DR)

Maryland 1. John Eager Howard (F) 3. William Hindman (F), until November 19, 1801 Robert Wright (DR), from November 19, 1801

Massachusetts 1. Jonathan Mason (F) 2. Dwight Foster (F), until March 2, 1803

New Hampshire 2. Samuel Livermore (F), until June 12, 1801 Simeon Olcott (F), from June 17, 1801 3. James Sheafe (F), until June 14, 1802 William Plumer (F), from June 17, 1802

New Jersey 1. Aaron Ogden (F) 2. Jonathan Dayton (F)

New York 1. Gouverneur Morris (F) 3. John Armstrong Jr. (DR), until February 5, 1802 DeWitt Clinton (DR), from February 9, 1802

North Carolina 2. Jesse Franklin (DR) 3. David Stone (DR)

Ohio Due to uncertainty over Ohio's exact admittance date (see "States admitted, above") its two senators were not elected until the next Congress. 1: Vacant (newly admitted state) 3: Vacant (newly admitted state)

Pennsylvania 1. James Ross (F) 3. John Peter G. Muhlenberg (DR), until June 30, 1801 George Logan (DR), from July 13, 1801

Rhode Island 1. Theodore Foster (F) 2. Ray Greene (F), until March 5, 1801 Christopher Ellery (DR), from May 6, 1801

South Carolina 2. Charles Pinckney (DR), until June 6, 1801 Thomas Sumter (DR), from December 15, 1801 3. John E. Colhoun (DR), until October 26, 1802 Pierce Butler (DR), from November 4, 1802

Tennessee 1. Joseph Anderson (DR) 2. William Cocke (DR)

Vermont 1. Nathaniel Chipman (F) 3. Elijah Paine (F), until September 1, 1801 Stephen R. Bradley (DR), from October 15, 1801

Virginia 1. Stevens Mason (DR) 2. Wilson C. Nicholas (DR)

House of Representatives

The names of representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, are preceded by an "At-large," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.

Connecticut All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. . Samuel W. Dana (F) . John Davenport (F) . Calvin Goddard (F), from May 14, 1801 . Roger Griswold (F) . Elias Perkins (F) . John Cotton Smith (F) . Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

Delaware . James A. Bayard (F)

Georgia All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. . John Milledge (DR), until May 1802 Peter Early (DR), from January 10, 1803 . Benjamin Taliaferro (DR), until May 1802 David Meriwether (DR), from December 6, 1802

Kentucky . Thomas T. Davis (DR) . John Fowler (DR)

Maryland . John Campbell (F) . Richard Sprigg Jr. (DR), until February 11, 1802 Walter Bowie (DR), from March 24, 1802 . Thomas Plater (F) . Daniel Hiester (DR) . Samuel Smith (DR) . John Archer (DR) . Joseph H. Nicholson (DR) . John Dennis (F)

Massachusetts . John Bacon (DR) . William Shepard (F) . Ebenezer Mattoon (F) . Levi Lincoln Sr. (DR), until March 5, 1801 Seth Hastings (F), from January 11, 1802 . Lemuel Williams (F) . Josiah Smith (DR) . Phanuel Bishop (DR) . William Eustis (DR) . Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR) . Nathan Read (F) . Manasseh Cutler (F) . Silas Lee (F), until August 20, 1801 Samuel Thatcher (F), from December 6, 1802 . Peleg Wadsworth (F) . Richard Cutts (DR), from December 7, 1801

New Hampshire All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. . Abiel Foster (F) . Joseph Peirce (F), until June 1802 Samuel Hunt (F), from December 6, 1802 . Samuel Tenney (F) . George B. Upham (F)

New Jersey All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. . John Condit (DR) . Ebenezer Elmer (DR) . William Helms (DR) . James Mott (DR) . Henry Southard (DR)

New York . John Smith (DR) . Samuel L. Mitchill (DR) . Philip Van Cortlandt (DR) . Lucas C. Elmendorf (DR) . Thomas Tillotson (DR), until August 10, 1801 Theodorus Bailey (DR), from December 7, 1801 . John Bird (F), until July 25, 1801 John P. Van Ness (DR), December 7, 1801 – January 17, 1803; vacant thereafter . David Thomas (DR) . Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F) . Benjamin Walker (F) . Thomas Morris (F)

North Carolina . James Holland (DR) . Archibald Henderson (F) . Robert Williams (DR) . Richard Stanford (DR) . Nathaniel Macon (DR) . William H. Hill (F) . William Barry Grove (F) . Charles Johnson (DR), from December 7, 1801 until July 23, 1802 Thomas Wynns (DR), from December 7, 1802 . Willis Alston (F, then D-R) . John Stanly (F)

Ohio . vacantThe official date when Ohio became a state was not set until 1953, when the 83rd U.S. Congress passed legislation retrospectively designating the date of the first meeting of the Ohio state legislature, March 1, 1803, as that date. However, on April 30, 1802, the 7th U.S. Congress had passed an act "authorizing the inhabitants of Ohio to form a Constitution and state government, and admission of Ohio into the Union." (Sess. 1, ch. 40, ) On February 19, 1803, the same Congress passed an act "providing for the execution of the laws of the United States in the State of Ohio." (Sess. 2, ch. 7, ) The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress states that Ohio was admitted to the Union on November 29, 1802, and counts its seats as vacant from that date. (newly admitted state)

Pennsylvania . William Jones (DR) . Michael Leib (DR) . Joseph Hemphill (F) :Pennsylvania's 4th district was a plural district with two representatives. Robert Brown (DR) : Isaac Van Horne (DR) . Joseph Hiester (DR) . John A. Hanna (DR) . Thomas Boude (F) . John Stewart (DR) . Andrew Gregg (DR) . Henry Woods (F) . John Smilie (DR) . William Hoge (DR)

Rhode Island Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket. . Joseph Stanton Jr. (DR) . Thomas Tillinghast (DR)

South Carolina . Thomas Lowndes (F) . John Rutledge Jr. (F) . Benjamin Huger (F) . Thomas Sumter (DR), until December 15, 1801 Richard Winn (DR), from January 24, 1802 . William Butler Sr. (DR) . Thomas Moore (DR)

Tennessee . William Dickson (DR)

Vermont . Israel Smith (DR) . Lewis R. Morris (F)

Virginia . John Smith (DR) . David Holmes (DR) . George Jackson (DR) . Abram Trigg (DR) . John J. Trigg (DR) . Matthew Clay (DR) . John Randolph (DR) . Thomas Claiborne (DR) . William B. Giles (DR) . Edwin Gray (DR) . Thomas Newton Jr. (DR) . John Stratton (F) . John Clopton (DR) . Samuel J. Cabell (DR) . John Dawson (DR) . Anthony New (DR) . Richard Brent (DR) . Philip R. Thompson (DR) . John Taliaferro (DR)

Non-voting members . Narsworthy Hunter (DR), until March 11, 1802 Thomas M. Green Jr. (DR), from December 6, 1802 . Paul Fearing (F)

Changes in membership The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate There was 1 death, 8 resignations, and 2 seats added for a new state.

| Rhode Island(2) | | Ray Greene (F) | Resigned March 5, 1801, after being nominated for a judicial position. His successor was elected. | | Christopher Ellery (DR) | Seated May 6, 1801

| South Carolina(2) | | Charles Pinckney (DR) | Resigned June 6, 1801, after being appointed Minister to Spain. His successor was elected. | | Thomas Sumter (DR) | Seated December 15, 1801

| New Hampshire(2) | | Samuel Livermore (F) | Resigned June 12, 1801. His successor was elected. | | Simeon Olcott (F) | Seated June 17, 1801

| Pennsylvania(3)