Nirenberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Darryl Nirenberg, U.S. ambassador to Romania David Nirenberg (born 1964), American medievalist and intellectual historian Louis Nirenberg (1925–2020), Canadian-born Canadian-American mathematician Marshall Warren Nirenberg (1927–2010), American biochemist and geneticist Ron Nirenberg (born 1977), Mayor of San Antonio, Texas, US