Events Pre-1600 48 BC – Julius Caesar arrives in Ptolemaic Egypt in his pursuit of Pompey and learns of the latter's death. 811 – Michael I Rangabe is proclaimed as Byzantine Emperor, forcing the rival claimant Staurakios to abdicate his claim. 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor. 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and other Frankish dukes. 1187– Saladin wins Jerusalem after the city surrendered to his forces following a prolonged siege. 1263 – The Battle of Largs is fought between Norwegians and Scots. 1470 – The Earl of Warwick's rebellion forces King Edward IV of England to flee to the Netherlands, restoring Henry VI to the throne. 1552 – Russo-Kazan Wars: Russian troops enter Kazan.
1601–1900 1766 - The Nottingham Cheese Riot breaks out at the Goose Fair in Nottingham, UK, in response to the excessive cost of cheese. 1780 – American Revolutionary War: John André, a British Army officer, is hanged as a spy by the Continental Army. 1789 – The United States Bill of Rights is sent to the various States for ratification. 1835 – Texas Revolution: Mexican troops attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia. 1864 – American Civil War: Confederates defeat a Union attack on Saltville, Virginia. A massacre of wounded Union prisoners ensues. 1870 – By plebiscite, the citizens of the Papal States accept annexation by the Kingdom of Italy.
1901–present 1919 – Seven days after suffering a "physical collapse" following a speech in Pueblo, Colorado, U.S. president Woodrow Wilson has a catastrophic stroke at the White House, leaving him physically and mentally incapacitated for the remainder of his presidency. 1920 – Ukrainian War of Independence: Mikhail Frunze orders the Red Army to immediately cease hostilities with the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine. 1928 – The "Prelature of the Holy Cross and the Work of God", commonly known as Opus Dei, is founded. 1937 – Rafael Trujillo orders the execution of Haitians living in the border region of the Dominican Republic. 1942 – World War II: Ocean Liner accidentally rams and sinks , killing over 300 crewmen aboard Curacoa. 1944 – World War II: German troops end the Warsaw Uprising. 1958 – Guinea declares its independence from France. 1967 – Thurgood Marshall is sworn in as the first African-American justice of the United States Supreme Court. 1968 – Mexican President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz orders soldiers to suppress a demonstration of unarmed students, ten days before the start of the 1968 Summer Olympics. 1970 – An aircraft carrying the Wichita State University football team, administrators, and supporters crashes in Colorado, killing 31 people. 1971 – South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu is re-elected in a one-man election. 1971 – British European Airways Flight 706 crashes near Aarsele, Belgium, killing 63. 1980 – Michael Myers becomes the first member of either chamber of Congress to be expelled since the Civil War. 1990 – Xiamen Airlines Flight 8301 is hijacked and lands at Guangzhou, where it crashes into two other airliners on the ground, killing 132. 1992 – Military police storm the Carandiru Penitentiary in São Paulo, Brazil during a prison riot. The resulting massacre leaves 111 prisoners dead. 1996 – Aeroperú Flight 603 crashes into the ocean near Peru, killing all 70 people on board. 1996 – The Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments are signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton. 2002 – The Beltway sniper attacks begin in Washington, D.C., extending over three weeks and killing 10 people. 2004 – The first parkrun, then known as the Bushy Park Time Trial, takes place in Bushy Park, London, UK. 2006 – Five Amish girls are murdered in a shooting at a school in Pennsylvania, United States. 2007 – President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea goes to North Korea for an Inter-Korean summit with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il. 2016 – Ethiopian protests break out during a festival in the Oromia region, killing dozens of people. 2018 – The Washington Post journalist Jamal Khashoggi is assassinated in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Turkey. 2019 – A privately owned Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress conducting a living history exhibition flight crashes shortly after takeoff from Windsor Locks, Connecticut, killing seven. 2025 – 2 people are killed and at least 4 others injured in an attack on a synagogue in Manchester, UK, during Yom Kippur.
Births
Pre-1600 1452 – Richard III of England (died 1485) 1470 – Isabella of Aragon, Queen of Portugal, Daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (died 1498) 1527 – William Drury, English politician (died 1579) 1538 – Charles Borromeo, Italian cardinal and saint (died 1584)
1601–1900 1718 – Elizabeth Montagu, English author and critic (died 1800) 1768 – William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, English general and politician (died 1854) 1798 – Charles Albert, King of Sardinia (1831–49) (died 1849) 1800 – Nat Turner, American slave and uprising leader (died 1831) 1815 – James Agnew, Irish-Australian politician, Premier of Tasmania (died 1901) 1821 – Alexander P. Stewart, American general (died 1908) 1828 – Charles Floquet, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (died 1896) 1832 – Edward Burnett Tylor, English anthropologist (died 1917) 1847 – Paul von Hindenburg, German field marshal and politician, 2nd President of Germany (died 1934) 1851 – Ferdinand Foch, French field marshal (died 1929) 1852 – William Ramsay, Scottish chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1916) 1854 – Patrick Geddes, Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, and philanthropist (died 1932) 1866 – Swami Abhedananda, Indian mystic and philosopher (died 1939) 1869 – Mahatma Gandhi, Indian freedom fighter, activist and philosopher (died 1948) 1871 – Cordell Hull, American politician, United States Secretary of State, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1955) 1871 – Martha Brookes Hutcheson, American landscaper and author (died 1959) 1873 – Stephen Warfield Gambrill, American lawyer and politician (died 1924) 1873 – Pelham Warner, English cricketer and manager (died 1963) 1875 – Pattie Ruffner Jacobs, American suffragist (died 1935) 1879 – Wallace Stevens, American poet (died 1955) 1882 – Boris Shaposhnikov, Russian colonel (died 1945) 1883 – Karl von Terzaghi, Austrian geologist and engineer (died 1963) 1890 – Groucho Marx, American comedian and actor (died 1977) 1893 – Leroy Shield, American composer and conductor (died 1962) 1895 – Ruth Cheney Streeter, American colonel (died 1990) 1897 – Bud Abbott, American comedian, actor, and producer. (died 1974) 1900 – Leela Roy Nag, Indian freedom fighter, social reformer and politician (died 1970)
1901–present 1902 – Leopold Figl, Austrian politician, Chancellor of Austria (died 1965) 1904 – Graham Greene, English novelist, playwright, and critic (died 1991) 1904 – Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indian and politician, Prime Minister of India (died 1966) 1905 – Franjo Šeper, Croatian cardinal (died 1981) 1906 – Thomas Hollway, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (died 1971) 1907 – Víctor Paz Estenssoro, Bolivian politician, President of Bolivia (died 2001) 1907 – Alexander R. Todd, Scottish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1997) 1909 – Alex Raymond, American cartoonist, creator of Flash Gordon (died 1956) 1912 – Frank Malina, American engineer and painter (died 1981) 1914 – Jack Parsons, American chemist, occultist, and engineer (died 1952) 1914 – Bernarr Rainbow, English organist, conductor, and historian (died 1998) 1915 – Chuck Williams, American author and businessman, founded Williams Sonoma (died 2015) 1917 – Christian de Duve, Belgian cytologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013) 1917 – Charles Drake, American actor (died 1994) 1919 – John W. Duarte, English guitarist and composer (died 2004) 1921 – Edmund Crispin, English writer and composer (died 1978) 1921 – Albert Scott Crossfield, American pilot and engineer (died 2006) 1921 – Robert Runcie, English archbishop (died 2000) 1925 – Wren Blair, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (died 2013) 1926 – Jan Morris, Welsh historian and author (died 2020) 1928 – George McFarland, American actor (died 1993) 1928 – Wolfhart Pannenberg, Polish-German theologian and academic (died 2014) 1929 – Peter Bronfman, Canadian businessman (died 1996) 1929 – Moses Gunn, American actor (died 1993) 1930 – Dave Barrett, Canadian social worker and politician, 26th Premier of British Columbia (died 2018) 1932 – Maury Wills, American baseball player and manager (died 2022) 1933 – John Gurdon, English biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2025) 1933 – Dave Somerville, Canadian singer (died 2015) 1934 – Richard Scott, Baron Scott of Foscote, English lawyer and judge 1934 – Earl Wilson, American baseball player (died 2005) 1935 – Omar Sívori, Italian-Argentine footballer and manager (died 2005) 1936 – Dick Barnett, American basketball player (died 2025) 1936 – Connie Dierking, American basketball player (died 2013) 1936 – Gwen Marston, American quilter and writer (died 2019) 1937 – Johnnie Cochran, American lawyer (died 2005) 1938 – Nick Gravenites, American singer-songwriter (died 2024) 1938 – Waheed Murad, Pakistani actor, producer, and screenwriter (died 1983) 1938 – Rex Reed, American film critic (died 2026) 1939 – Budhi Kunderan, Indian cricketer (died 2006) 1941 – Diana Hendry, English poet and author 1941 – Ron Meagher, American rock bass playerLarkin 2011, p. 2490 1942 – Steve Sabol, American director and producer, co-founded NFL Films (died 2012) 1943 – Anna Ford, English journalist 1943 – Henri Szeps, Australian actor (died 2025) 1944 – Vernor Vinge, American author (died 2024) 1945 – Martin Hellman, American cryptographer and academic 1945 – Don McLean, American singer-songwriter 1946 – Sonthi Boonyaratglin, Thai general and politician 1947 – Ward Churchill, American author and activist (died 2026) 1948 – Trevor Brooking, English footballer and manager 1948 – Avery Brooks, American actor 1948 – Donna Karan, American fashion designer, founded DKNY 1948 – Siim Kallas, Estonian politician, Prime Minister of Estonia (died 2026) 1948 – Persis Khambatta, Indian model and actress, (died 1998) 1949 – Richard Hell, American singer-songwriter and bass player 1949 – Annie Leibovitz, American photographer 1950 – Mike Rutherford, English guitarist 1951 – Sting, English singer-songwriter and actor 1952 – Janusz Olejniczak, Polish classical pianist and actor (died 2024) 1952 – Robin Riker, American actress 1953 – Vanessa Bell Armstrong, American singer 1953 – Tom Boswell, American basketball player 1954 – Lorraine Bracco, American actress 1955 – Philip Oakey, English singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producerLarkin 2011, p. 1897 1956 – Freddie Jackson, American soul singer 1957 – John Cook, American golfer 1957 – Wade Dooley, English rugby player 1958 – Robbie Nevil, American singer-songwriter 1960 – Glenn Anderson, Canadian ice hockey player 1960 – Django Bates, English musician and composer 1960 – Joe Sacco, Maltese-American journalist and cartoonist 1960 – Dereck Whittenburg, American basketball player and coach 1962 – Mark Rypien, Canadian-American football player 1963 – Keith Bradshaw, Australian cricketer 1963 – Maria Ressa, Filipino-American journalist 1964 – Dirk Brinkmann, German field hockey player 1965 – Darren Cahill, Australian tennis player 1965 – Tom Moody, Australian cricketer 1965 – Ferhan and Ferzan Önder, Turkish-Austrian pianists 1966 – Yokozuna, American wrestler (died 2000) 1967 – Frankie Fredericks, Namibian sprinter 1967 – Alex Karp, American businessman 1967 – Thomas Muster, Austrian tennis player 1967 – Gillian Welch, American singer-songwriter and guitarist