The British decimal two pence piece (2p) is a denomination of sterling coinage equalling of a pound, or two pence. Since the coin's introduction on 15 February 1971, the year British currency was decimalised, its obverse has featured four profiles of Queen Elizabeth II. In 2008 the design on its reverse changed from the original depiction of a plume of ostrich feathers with a coronet to a segment of the Royal Shield.

The two pence coin was originally minted from bronze, but changed in 1992 to copper-plated steel.

As of March 2014 there were an estimated 6.55 billion 2p coins in circulation, corresponding to a value of £131 million.

Decimal two pence coins are legal tender for amounts only up to the sum of 20p when offered in repayment of a debt; however, the coin's legal tender status is not normally relevant for everyday transactions."What are the legal tender amounts acceptable for UK coins?" The Royal Mint.

Composition From its first minting in 1971 until 1992, two pence coins were made from bronze. In 1992, this was changed to copper-plated steel because of the increasing price of copper used to make bronze. Both the bronze and steel versions were made in 1992 as it was the transition year, however in 1998 a small quantity of bronze two pences were made alongside the standard copper-plated steel. There were 98,676,000 bronze 2p coins from that year, and 115,154,000 in copper-plated steel.

By May 2006 the pre-1992 (97% copper) coins contained 3p worth of copper each. In May 2006, about 2.55 billion such coins remained in circulation, and the Royal Mint warned that tampering with coinage is illegal in the UK. During 2008, the value of copper fell dramatically from these peaks.

Design

Reverse The original reverse of the coin, designed by Christopher Ironside, and used from 1971 to 2008, is the Badge of the Prince of Wales: a plume of ostrich feathers within a coronet, above the German motto ("I serve"). The numeral "2" is written below the badge, and either (1971–1981) or (from 1982) is written above. A small number of 1983 mintage coins exist with the "New Pence" wording. It was originally planned that an alternative version of the 2p would be minted with a design representing Northern Ireland; these plans never came to fruition. The same design was also re-cut in 1993 producing two minor varieties for that year.

In August 2005 the Royal Mint launched a competition to find new reverse designs for all circulating coins apart from the £2 coin. The winner, announced in April 2008, was Matthew Dent, whose designs were gradually introduced into the circulating British coinage from mid-2008. The designs for the 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p and 50p coins depict sections of the Royal Shield that form the whole shield when placed together. The shield in its entirety was featured on the now-obsolete round £1 coin. The re-designed 2p coin depicts the second quarter of the shield, showing the Lion Rampant from the Royal Banner of Scotland, with the words above.

The beading was removed from both sides of the coin in the 2008 re-design.

In October 2023 the King Charles III two-pence coin was presented; the reverse features a red squirrel. However, it has not entered circulation; the Treasury has not ordered any 2p coins to be minted since 2017, except for 117.7 million coins in 2021,Figures of mintings for the years 2018 to 2024 (the last year for which figures were available ) were all zero, except 2021. and according to the National Audit Office in 2020, they did not expect to order any mintings for a decade because they hold a large stockpile of existing coins and demand for them is declining.

Obverse Five different obverses were used during the reign of Queen Elizabeth II: four different portraits and the removal of the beaded border in 2008. In all cases, the inscription is , where 2013 is replaced by the year of minting. In the original design both sides of the coin are encircled by dots, a common feature on coins, known as beading.

Four different portraits of Elizabeth II were used on the coin:

As with all new decimal currency, until 1984 the portrait of Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin appeared on the obverse, in which the Queen wears the 'Girls of Great Britain and Ireland' Tiara. Between 1985 and 1997 the portrait by Raphael Maklouf was used, in which the Queen wears the George IV State Diadem. In 1992 the metal used in minting this coin was switched from bronze to copper-plated steel, with a single year of using both alloys in 1998. From 1998 to 2015 the portrait by Ian Rank-Broadley was used, again featuring the tiara, with a signature-mark below the portrait. From 2015 to 2022, coins bore the portrait by Jody Clark.

Mintages +Number of two pence coins minted for circulation by year Year Number minted Composition Portrait Reverse 1971 1,454,856,250 Bronze Machin Ironside 1972 In sets only 1973 In sets only 1974 In sets only 1975 145,545,000 1976 181,379,000 1977 109,281,000 1978 189,658,000 1979 260,200,000 1980 408,527,000 1981 353,191,000 1982 In sets only 1983 In sets only 1984 In sets only 1985 107,113,000 Maklouf 1986 168,967,500 1987 218,100,750 1988 419,889,000 1989 359,226,000 1990 204,499,700 1991 86,625,250 1992 102,247,000 Copper-plated steel 1993 235,674,000 1994 531,628,000 1995 124,482,000 1996 296,278,000 1997 496,116,000 1998 98,676,000 Bronze Rank-Broadley 115,154,000 Copper-plated steel 1999 353,816,000 2000 563,659,000 2001 551,880,000 2002 168,556,000 2003 260,225,000 2004 356,396,000 2005 280,396,000 2006 170,637,000 2007 254,500,000 2008 10,600,000 241,679,000 Dent 2009 150,500,500 2010 99,600,000 2011 144,300,000 2012 67,800,000 2013 40,600,000 2014 247,600,020 2015 85,900,000 2015 139,200,000 Clark 2016 185,600,000 2017 16,600,000 2018 0 2019 0 2020 0 2021 117,700,000 2022 0 2023 0 Jennings The Royal Mint 2024 0 Mint sets have been produced since 1982; where mintages on or after that date indicate '0', there are examples contained within those sets.

See also Coins of the pound sterling Twopence (British pre-decimal coin)

References

External links Royal Mint – 2p Coin Designs and Specifications Two Pence, Coin Type from United Kingdom